Beyond Words: What ChatGPT Can't Say | Jane Sloan Peters
Dec 15, 2023
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Jane Sloan Peters, Assistant Professor of Religious Studies, discusses the limitations of ChatGPT in truly understanding human language, Thomas Aquinas' analysis of the word, the immateriality of the intellect, distinctions between AI chatbots and human speech, and the connection between verbal communication and experiencing God.
Chat GPT lacks the ability to truly understand the complexity of language and concepts, highlighting the unique cognitive abilities of the human intellect.
Using Chat GPT can hinder the development of genuine understanding and the formation of concepts, raising important epistemological and ethical questions in academic settings.
Deep dives
Comparison of Chat GPT with Aquinas' Understanding of Human Thought and Speech
Chat GPT, a language model chatbot, has gained popularity for its impressive ability to generate human-like text. However, a comparison with Aquinas' understanding of human speech reveals significant differences. Aquinas argues that human speech begins with the formation of concepts in the intellect, which is immaterial and transcends the material world. In contrast, Chat GPT operates through a process of encoding, processing, and decoding based on vast amounts of data. While Chat GPT may resemble human speech, it lacks the ability to truly understand the complexity of language and concepts. Aquinas' account highlights the unique cognitive abilities of the human intellect and emphasizes the importance of genuine understanding in human speech.
The Functioning of Chat GPT
Chat GPT, a language model chatbot developed by OpenAI, operates as a generative AI system. It searches through massive amounts of data to generate responses based on a given prompt. The process involves encoding, processing, and decoding through a neural network architecture known as the attention transformer. Chat GPT's training data includes internet text, digitized books, and underwent fine-tuning by humans to align with certain criteria. The complex process of generating text produces speech that resembles human language, but lacks an understanding of the words it produces. The incorporation of randomness adds to its human-like quality.
Aquinas' Perspective on Human Speech
Aquinas draws from both Greek philosophy, particularly Aristotle, and Christian tradition to explain the origin of human speech. According to Aquinas, spoken words express concepts formed in the intellect. These concepts, or interior words, are the true essence of human speech. Aquinas distinguishes between spoken and written words, emphasizing that written signs are more remote from the understanding and formation of concepts. Aquinas posits the intellect as an immaterial and rational power of the soul, enabling humans to understand and articulate concepts. In Aquinas' perspective, human speech is patterned after the divine word, but with inherent imperfections and limitations.
Epistemological and Ethical Considerations of Using Chat GPT
The use of Chat GPT raises important epistemological and ethical questions, particularly in academic settings. One question is whether using Chat GPT can be considered intellectually dishonest. Aquinas' account suggests that relying on the work of a chatbot hinders the development of genuine understanding and the formation of concepts. Another question pertains to the effect of using Chat GPT to avoid the struggle of understanding. Aquinas highlights the value of grappling with knowledge and emphasizes the importance of the active intellect in the cognitive process. Furthermore, questions arise about the appropriate level of engagement with artificial intelligence in academic research and writing, and the potential impact on essential skills of scholarship. These epistemological and ethical considerations invite a deeper reflection on the role of technology in the pursuit of knowledge.
Jane Sloan Peters is an Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at the College of Mount Saint Vincent in Riverdale, NY. Her dissertation explored Thomas Aquinas's reception of Greek patristic and Byzantine biblical interpretation for his four-volume commentary on the Gospels, the Catena Aurea. Jane has written for First Things, the University of Notre Dame's Church Life Journal, Plough Quarterly, and America Magazine. She lives in Connecticut with her husband and two sons.
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