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Bougainville’s rocky path to independence

Jul 2, 2025
Ben Doherty, a Senior Reporter for Guardian Australia, discusses Bougainville's tumultuous journey towards independence. He highlights the overwhelming 2019 vote for independence and the historical significance of the Panguna mine, a source of both strife and potential prosperity. The conversation explores geopolitical challenges, the delicate balance of local aspirations against external influences, and the community's commitment to peaceful negotiations amid growing tensions. With dreams of a self-governing future, Bougainville navigates a complex road ahead.
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INSIGHT

Bougainville's Unique Identity

  • Bougainville has a distinct culture and history separate from Papua New Guinea since 1975 independence.
  • The decade-long civil war and a 97.7% vote favoring independence mark its path to nationhood.
ANECDOTE

Mine Sparks Brutal Civil War

  • The Panguna Mine sparked a brutal civil war with thousands of deaths.
  • Australian-supplied helicopters armed against Bougainvilleans intensified the conflict, leading to Australian complicity perceptions.
INSIGHT

Panguna: Wound and Opportunity

  • The Panguna mine symbolizes colonial exploitation and environmental destruction on Bougainville.
  • Despite past devastation, some view reopening it as key to economic independence and stability.
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