The Ethics of Organ Transplantation | Prof. Steven Jensen
Nov 13, 2024
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In this enlightening discussion, Professor Steven J. Jensen, an expert in bioethics and moral psychology, tackles the complex ethical dilemmas surrounding organ transplantation. He offers a historical overview, shedding light on the implications of brain death as a criterion for organ donation. Jensen delves into the controversies of consent laws, the potential exploitation of vulnerable populations, and the alarming issues of organ trafficking, particularly in places like China. His insights provoke a deeper understanding of the moral landscape in this critical field.
The ethical implications of classifying brain death raise concerns about whether patients can be considered truly deceased before organ donation.
The increasing demand for organs coupled with questionable practices threatens to undermine ethical standards and human dignity in transplantation.
Deep dives
The Slippery Slope of Organ Transplantation Ethics
Organ transplantation saves lives but raises significant ethical concerns due to the growing demand for organs. As demand escalates, there is a risk of compromising ethical standards to procure organs, leading to troubling practices. The concept of 'brain death' has emerged as a critical issue, as it is the primary criterion for organ donation. This raises the fundamental question of whether individuals classified as brain dead can be considered truly deceased, complicating the ethical landscape surrounding organ transplantation.
Understanding Brain Death and Its Implications
The definition of brain death, particularly 'whole brain death,' has evolved since its formalization by a Harvard Medical School committee in 1968. The committee's recommendations were problematic as they did not provide medical justification for reclassifying brain-dead individuals as deceased, focusing instead on practical benefits like increased organ availability. This raises significant ethical questions, particularly as many medical professionals lack a comprehensive understanding of brain death, leading to potential misjudgments in determining a patient’s actual state. Distinguishing brain death from other unconscious states highlights the need for careful consideration of what constitutes true death before organ retrieval.
Concerns Over Donation After Cardiac Death
Donation after cardiac death introduces further ethical dilemmas by creating a scenario where individuals are not brain dead but are taken off life support to see if their heart stops beating. The irreversibility of death becomes questionable in this context, as resuscitation efforts are not attempted during the waiting period. This practice raises concerns about whether true death has occurred before organ removal and the potential harm done to the organs during the waiting phase. The demand for organs continues to challenge the ethics surrounding consent and the definition of death within these frameworks.
The Broader Implications of Organ Procurement Practices
The slippery slope becomes more alarming as suggested practices, such as organ retrieval from anencephalic infants or euthanized individuals, gain traction. With consent being bypassed, ethical standards risk eroding further, opening doors to organ sales and exploitation of vulnerable populations. Historical and ongoing practices in places like China, where political prisoners' organs are harvested for profit, starkly illustrate the moral perils that can arise in organ transplantation. Highlighting these issues urges a critical examination of the definitions and ethics at play in organ donation, ensuring that human dignity is upheld.
Steven J Jensen, who holds the Bishop Nold Chair in Graduate Philosophy at the University of St. Thomas, Houston, teaches in The Center for Thomistic Studies. His fields of research include bioethics, moral psychology, the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas, human nature, and natural law. He is the author of several books, including Living the Good Life: A Beginner’s Thomistic Ethics and The Human Person: A Beginner’s Thomistic Psychology.
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