Learn about the historical impact of the controversial Corn Laws in Britain, the formation of the Anti-Corn Law League, the clash between industry and agriculture ideologies, and Sir Robert Peel's political dilemma in repealing the laws, shaping the future of British politics and economics.
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Quick takeaways
The Corn Laws aimed to protect British landowners from cheap foreign grain post-Napoleonic Wars, highlighting tensions between agricultural and industrial interests.
The Anti-Corn Law League led by Richard Cobden advocated for free trade policies, challenging protectionist laws and reshaping the political landscape.
Deep dives
The Origins of the Corn Laws
The Corn Laws were enacted in 1815 to protect British landowners from cheap foreign grain, preventing a drop in grain prices after the Napoleonic Wars. Landowners feared reduced remuneration and defended the laws based on their wartime contributions and the cultivation of marginal lands.
Pressure for Controlling Grain Prices
The Protection for Agriculture Act of 1815 was designed to control grain prices and promote self-sufficiency. It set grain prices at 80 shillings per quarter, aiming to prevent scarcity and ensure stability. However, the bluntness and protectionist nature of the act raised concerns about exploitation.
Opposition and Support for the Corn Laws
Support for the Corn Laws came mainly from landowners, fearing a drop in grain prices. The opposition to the laws emerged from the growing manufacturing sector, which saw protectionism as hindering trade and competitiveness. The Industrial Revolution led to a divide between industrial and agricultural interests.
The Rise of the Anti-Corn Law League and Free Trade Advocates
The Anti-Corn Law League, led by figures like Richard Cobden and John Bright, spearheaded the campaign against protectionist laws. Advocates for free trade and reform mobilized support through propaganda and public campaigns, gradually shifting the political landscape towards repealing the Corn Laws and promoting free trade policies.
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Corn Laws. In 1815 the British Government passed legislation which artificially inflated the price of corn. The measure was supported by landowners but strongly opposed by manufacturers and the urban working class. In the 1830s the Anti-Corn Law League was founded to campaign for their repeal, led by the Radical Richard Cobden. The Conservative government of Sir Robert Peel finally repealed the laws in 1846, splitting his party in the process, and the resulting debate had profound consequences for the political and economic future of the country.
With:
Lawrence Goldman
Fellow in Modern History at St Peter's College, Oxford
Boyd Hilton
Former Professor of Modern British History at the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Trinity College
Cheryl Schonhardt-Bailey
Reader in Political Science at the London School of Economics
Producer: Thomas Morris.
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