Ian Miller, "Self-Esteem: An American History" (Polity Press, 2024)
Nov 17, 2024
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Ian Miller, author of "Self-Esteem: An American History", dives into the cultural evolution of self-esteem in the U.S. He critiques self-help literature for promoting individualism while sidelining marginalized voices. Miller discusses the empowerment of minority groups and the pivotal role of activism in reshaping self-esteem narratives, particularly during the civil rights movement and the LGBT community's struggles. He warns of the limitations posed by traditional self-esteem discussions and calls for a broader, more inclusive dialogue.
The evolution of self-esteem in American culture reflects a shift from societal contributions to individual happiness after World War II.
Self-esteem discussions in the Civil Rights and LGBTQ+ movements have empowered marginalized identities, challenging historical narratives and advocating for pride.
Deep dives
The Evolution of Self-Esteem in American Culture
The concept of self-esteem has become deeply ingrained in American culture, evolving significantly from its earlier definitions and uses. Originally, self-esteem was tied to modesty and societal contributions, with an emphasis on controlled emotions during the Victorian era. However, by the mid-20th century, there was a notable shift towards prioritizing individual happiness and self-worth, particularly after World War II, as psychology began to focus on well-being as an essential component of a successful life. This transition led to a dominance of the narrative that happiness and high self-esteem are necessary for a fulfilled existence, shaping how Americans perceive and discuss personal value.
Racial Dynamics and Self-Esteem in the Civil Rights Movement
The intersection of self-esteem and racial identity became prominent during the Civil Rights Movement, marking a significant shift in African American self-perception and empowerment. As discriminatory narratives of inferiority were challenged in the 1960s, leaders from the Black Power movement began to advocate for a positive self-image and pride in one's heritage. This reclamation of self-esteem as a political and cultural concept was essential in redefining identities amidst pervasive racism and social marginalization. The emphasis on self-esteem in this context fostered grassroots movements that encouraged individuals to embrace their identities and resist societal oppression.
LGBTQ+ Communities and the Pride Movement
Similar to the Black Power movement, LGBTQ+ communities began to develop their narratives around self-esteem, especially in the wake of the civil rights era. Activists sought to redefine their identities positively, countering the pathologization that had historically characterized homosexuality within psychological discourse. By the late 20th century, there was a growing emphasis on pride and confidence in one's sexual identity, rejecting harmful stereotypes and advocating for acceptance within mainstream society. This movement not only aligned itself with earlier racial struggles but also forged a unique path that celebrated diversity and individuality within the LGBTQ+ community.
Self-Esteem in Education and Feminism
The discourse surrounding self-esteem has also significantly influenced educational practices, particularly concerning youth and parenting philosophies. While early self-help literature emphasized the role of mothers in fostering self-esteem in children, concerns arose about its applicability to diverse racial and socio-economic contexts. As feminist movements gained traction in the 1980s, discussions about female self-esteem became more prevalent, with critiques emerging over the limitations of psychology to address systemic gender biases. This dialogue highlighted that while enhancing self-esteem can be empowering, it does not address broader social inequalities, emphasizing the need for a critical examination of psychological concepts within educational and feminist frameworks.
By the end of the twentieth century, the idea of self-esteem had become enormously influential. A staggering amount of psychological research and self-help literature was being published and, before long, devoured by readers. Self-esteem initiatives permeated American schools. Self-esteem became the way of understanding ourselves, our personalities, our interactions with others. Nowadays, however, few people think much about the concept of self-esteem—but perhaps we should.
Self-Esteem: An American History (Polity, 2024) by Dr. Ian Miller is the first historical study to explore the emotional politics of self-esteem in modern America. Written with verve and insight, Dr. Miller’s expert analysis looks at the critiques of self-help that accuse it of propping up conservative agendas by encouraging us to look solely inside ourselves to resolve life’s problems. At the same time, he reveals how African American, LGBTQ+, and feminist activists have endeavoured to build positive collective identities based on self-esteem, pride, and self-respect.
This revelatory book will be essential reading for anyone with an interest in the history of mental health and well-being, and in how the politics of self-esteem is played out in today’s US society and culture.
This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose new book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.