Podcast for Social Research, Episode 68: Critical Theory from Below—Race, Gender, and the Frankfurt School
Aug 4, 2023
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Panelists William Paris, Nathan Duford, Eduardo Mendieta, and Paul North discuss the relevance of Frankfurt School critical theory in understanding race, gender, and authoritarianism. Topics include the Frankfurt School's amalgam of Marx and Freud, the patriarch as racketeer, the fetishization of suffering, race as a pathology of time, the relationship between gender panic and normativity, and the thinkers who have pushed Frankfurt School critical theory in feminist directions.
Understanding the link between patriarchy and authoritarianism in relation to traditional norms for sex, gender, and sexuality and their association with fascist ideologies.
Exploring the connection between different capitalist formations, punishment, racialization, economics, and social pathology to gain insight into the genealogy of capitalist formations and their impact on punishment.
Recognizing race as a pathology of time that disrupts individuals' sense of self and solidarity, revealing the objective contradictions in society and the barriers to social action.
Deep dives
The importance of patriarchy and authoritarian tendencies
Nathan emphasized the need to understand the relationship between patriarchy and authoritarian tendencies. He highlighted how the implementation of traditional norms for sex, gender, and sexuality is often linked to fascist ideologies. By protecting against internal and external threats of queerness, there is a sense of manning the barricades of civilization. Nathan also challenged the idea that men as a class are inherently bad, instead proposing that the focus should be on patriarchs, who can be men or women.
The early Frankfurt School's contribution to penality
Eduardo discussed the early Frankfurt School's exploration of punishment and social order. He highlighted the relevance of understanding how different capitalist formations impact our approach to punishment. Eduardo argued that a critical theorization of penality allows for a deeper analysis of its connection to racialization, economics, and social pathology. This perspective helps illuminate the genealogy of capitalist formations and their influence on punishment.
For Non's concept of race as a pathology of time
Paul North delved into For Non's concept of race as a pathology of time, which refers to how racialization denies individuals a normative future and ruptures their sense of self and solidarity. By understanding race as a disruption of time, critical theory can reveal the objective contradictions present in society and the barriers to social action. Paul emphasized the need to synchronize theory and practice and recognize that race can reemerge in the context of ecological collapse and migration.
Role of regimes of penality in relation to political economy and social imaginary
Regimes of penality, which criminalize certain actions, are correlated with transformations in political economy and social imaginary. Historical laws targeting African Americans and Latino men, such as the black laws, were attempts to roll back their rights. This correlation emphasizes the importance of understanding the societal context in which criminalization occurs.
Exploring the concept of working through in critical theory
Working through, as seen in Fanon's analysis, involves realizing that healing social wounds requires not just introspection or guilt, but taking responsibility for changing societal structures. It challenges the idea of introspection as a means of healing, instead emphasizing the need for societal transformation. This concept aligns with the untimeliness of critical theory, moving beyond repeating reflexive narratives and addressing the possibility of creating a shared, livable future.
In episode 68 of the Podcast for Social Research, live-recorded at BISR’s recent symposium The Frankfurt School and the Now, panelists William Paris, Nathan Duford, Eduardo Mendieta, and Paul North tackle the question: What use does Frankfurt School critical theory, a thought movement composed largely of mid-20th-century white men, have for contemporary thinking about race, sex and gender? The conversation touches on, among other things, the Frankfurt School’s amalgam of Marx and Freud; the patriarch as racketeer (the threatening figure who protects the woman from himself); the pitfalls of moralism and the fetishization of suffering; Walter Benjamin’s paradoxical understanding of the “tradition of the oppressed”; and Frantz Fanon’s notion of race as a pathology of time (that is, the denial of our capacity to live, in the future, in a different sort of world). How can we understand the seemingly inextricable relationship between gender panic and normativity and authoritarianism? What will race come to mean in the context of a warming planet (which most threatens black and brown people in the global south)? Who are the thinkers who have taken up Frankfurt School critical theory and pushed it in feminist directions?
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