Harry van der Hulst, "A Mind for Language: An Introduction to the Innateness Debate" (Cambridge UP, 2023)
Jan 20, 2024
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Linguistic theory expert Harry van der Hulst discusses the innateness debate in language acquisition, exploring the complexity of language structure and the limitations of input. The podcast delves into the concept of mental grammar, language processing in the mind, innate language abilities, critical period effects, and the differences between human language and animal communication systems. It also touches on the evolution of human language and different perspectives linking it to collaboration and environmental challenges.
The podcast explores the poverty of stimulus argument, suggesting children have an innate mental grammar for language acquisition.
Critical period effects in language acquisition highlight the importance of age and early language exposure for optimal proficiency.
Deep dives
The mystery of language acquisition and the inateness debate
The podcast episode explores the inateness debate in language acquisition. Linguists have long grappled with the mystery of how children learn language so quickly, with many believing that children have an innate capacity for language. This capacity, often referred to as universal grammar or UG, enables children to process language input and construct their own grammar rules. The inateness debate centers around whether this capacity is specific to language or a result of general learning capabilities. The podcast delves into the arguments supporting the innateness hypothesis, while also considering alternative viewpoints that emphasize general learning abilities and environmental influences. Overall, the episode aims to educate listeners and foster participation in the ongoing debate surrounding the nature of language acquisition.
The poverty of stimulus and the role of mental grammar
The podcast discusses the poverty of stimulus argument, a key aspect of the inateness debate. Linguist Noam Chomsky and others have argued that the input children receive (stimulus) is not sufficient to account for the rapid and accurate language acquisition observed in young children. This suggests the presence of an innate mental grammar that guides children in constructing linguistic rules from the input they hear. The mental grammar consists of units such as phonemes, words, and sentence structures, as well as combinatorial rules for their arrangement. It provides a framework for children to go beyond the limited input they receive and develop complex language systems. The debate explores the richness and specificity of this mental grammar, as well as its interaction with general learning capacities.
Critical period effects and late language acquisition
The podcast explores critical period effects in language acquisition, focusing on the impact of age and input on language development. It is observed that children who do not receive language input during the critical period for language acquisition struggle to develop language skills. This critical period is characterized by a heightened ability to acquire language effortlessly and comprehensively. Late language learners, such as adults or individuals who lack early language exposure, often face challenges in achieving native-like proficiency. The podcast discusses the role of neural structures and innate capacities in facilitating language acquisition during the critical period. It also highlights the importance of early language exposure, particularly for deaf children, to ensure optimal language development.
The uniqueness of human language and language evolution
The podcast delves into the uniqueness of human language and its potential evolutionary origins. While other animal species have communication systems, human language stands apart due to its complexity and versatility. The podcast explores the questions of why humans possess this specific linguistic capacity and whether it evolved as a result of collaboration and specific environmental factors. Although the exact reasons for the evolution of language are still debated, there is agreement that language plays a crucial role in human interactions and cognitive abilities. It remains an intriguing area of study, with ongoing research focusing on language evolution and the innate aspects that distinguish human language from other communication systems.
How does human language arise in the mind? To what extent is it innate, or something that is learned? How do these factors interact? The questions surrounding how we acquire language are some of the most fundamental about what it means to be human and have long been at the heart of linguistic theory.
Harry van der Hulst's book A Mind for Language: An Introduction to the Innateness Debate (Cambridge UP, 2023) provides a comprehensive introduction to this fascinating debate, unravelling the arguments for the roles of nature and nurture in the knowledge that allows humans to learn and use language. An interdisciplinary approach is used throughout, allowing the debate to be examined from philosophical and cognitive perspectives. It is illustrated with real-life examples and the theory is explained in a clear, easy-to-read way, making it accessible for students without a background in linguistics. An accompanying website contains a glossary, questions for reflection, discussion themes and project suggestions, to further deepen students’ understanding of the material.
Madhumanti Datta completed her PhD in Linguistics from the University of Southern California, USA.