Elizabeth Anderson, professor of public philosophy at the University of Michigan, challenges the traditional perspective of the work ethic and discusses its historical origins. She explores how the ruling class exploits the work ethic, the association of wealth and virtue, and the obstacles to creating a pro-worker work ethic. Strategies for advocating a progressive work ethic are also discussed.
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Quick takeaways
The Protestant work ethic has been interpreted in two ways: pro-worker, emphasizing workers' rights and well-being, and anti-worker, prioritizing profit for capitalists.
The work ethic has been hijacked by capitalists, resulting in a neoliberal version that perpetuates income inequality, and reclaiming it requires empowering workers through unions and greater democracy in the workplace.
Deep dives
The Protestant work ethic and its interpretations
The podcast explores the history of the Protestant work ethic and how it gave rise to different interpretations. One interpretation, pro-worker, focused on workers' well-being and fair treatment, while the other, anti-worker, prioritized profit for capitalists. The anti-worker version has dominated society today, but the podcast argues that it didn't have to be this way and understanding the contested nature of the work ethic is crucial to reclaiming it.
The influence and origins of the Protestant work ethic
The podcast discusses Max Weber's book, "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," and how it set the foundation for understanding the work ethic. The Protestant work ethic originated from the Puritans' desire to secure certainty about their salvation through hard work. While the Calvinist theology emphasized the notion of predestination, the Puritans believed that working diligently was a sign of God's grace. The podcast highlights that the religious foundation is essential to understand the Protestant work ethic.
Contradictions and competing work ethics
The podcast delves into the contradictions inherent in the work ethic and its evolution during the Industrial Revolution. The Puritans' frugal and hardworking approach was characterized by an expectation of reaping rewards and improving one's life. However, with the advent of wage labor and capitalism, workers experienced stagnating wages while capitalists amassed wealth. The podcast highlights the emergence of conservative and progressive work ethics, with the former perpetuating exploitation and the latter emphasizing workers' rights and fair compensation.
The hijacking of the work ethic and neoliberalism
The podcast explains how the work ethic has been hijacked by capitalists, leading to the dominance of a neoliberal version that prioritizes profit accumulation and income redistribution in favor of the capitalists. This hijacking has resulted in a society marked by contempt and suspicion towards the poor, perpetuating income inequality and increased polarization. The podcast emphasizes the need to empower workers through unions, paid vacations, and greater democracy in the workplace in order to create a more equitable and fulfilling society for all.
Americans have absorbed the “Protestant work ethic” — the idea that our value as human beings is determined by how hard we work and how much money we make. Elizabeth Anderson explains how this evolved, why it pervades everything, and why it sucks.
Host: Sean Illing (@seanilling), host, The Gray Area
Guest: Elizabeth Anderson, professor of public philosophy at the University of Michigan.
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