The economics of research and development. With Heidi Williams
Oct 28, 2024
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Heidi Williams, a Professor of Economics at Dartmouth College and innovation policy expert, joins to delve into the pivotal role of research and development. Discover the surprising economic benefits of both public and private R&D funding. Williams emphasizes that government investment is crucial for innovation while addressing misconceptions about its value. The discussion also unpacks the rapid impacts of R&D on economic growth and the need for better integration of research insights into policy-making. Tune in for a thought-provoking exploration of the economics of innovation!
Government spending on R&D is crucial for fostering innovation and economic growth, yet its broader benefits are often overlooked in policy-making.
The effectiveness of R&D funding strategies varies, highlighting the need for context-specific approaches and more comprehensive data on their impacts.
Deep dives
The Importance of R&D Funding
Government spending on research and development (R&D) is deemed crucial for stimulating innovation and economic growth. Studies suggest R&D ranks highly in government funding priorities, with some evaluations placing it at a near-perfect score due to its significant potential return on societal investment. However, Congress often overlooks the broader economic benefits of R&D by focusing solely on expenditure costs, which distorts its perceived effectiveness. This underappreciation can hinder proper funding levels for R&D despite evidence supporting its positive impact on advancements such as vaccines and technological innovations.
Misalignment between Research and Policy
There exists a disconnect between economic research and the policy-making processes in Congress, where legislative decisions often do not factor in the potential spillover effects of R&D funding. This lack of dynamic scoring means that feedback effects such as productivity enhancements and economic growth are frequently ignored, leading to an incomplete understanding of R&D’s value. The failure to incorporate these effects into budgetary models contributes to a misalignment that can undermine optimal investment strategies in R&D. Additionally, this disconnection is exacerbated by a shortage of collaborative efforts between researchers and federal agencies, limiting the production of relevant empirical evidence.
Types of R&D Investment and Their Impacts
The discussion of R&D investment spans various forms, such as direct grants versus tax incentives tailored to encourage private sector contributions. While evidence suggests both approaches can effectively stimulate innovation, the preferred method may depend on the context of the research being funded and the desired outcomes. For example, direct federal support for basic research may yield more foundational breakthroughs, while tax credits could accelerate private sector investment in applied research. Nevertheless, the lack of comprehensive data on their effectiveness complicates the determination of the best funding strategies, illustrating the necessity for more rigorous investigation into the efficacy of different R&D funding mechanisms.
Intuitively, research and development is a building block of a productive future. But exactly how important is it, and can we put a number on it? Heidi Williams is a professor of economics at Dartmouth College, and an expert on innovation policy. She is also a visiting fellow at the Congressional Budget Office. Today on the show, she joins Soumaya Keynes to discuss public and private funding for R&D, how the two sources interact, and what we can know about how much it’s all worth to the economic future of a country.
Soumaya Keynes writes a column each week for the Financial Times. You can find it here