Episode 51: Is Religion Make-Believe? With Neil Van Leeuwen
Mar 25, 2024
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Cognitive scientist Neil Van Leeuwen discusses the distinction between religious credence and factual belief. The podcast delves into the psychology of religious beliefs, cognitive dissonance, and navigating complex religious beliefs. It highlights the resilience of religious beliefs, challenges in updating beliefs, and the impact of social dynamics on belief formation.
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Quick takeaways
Religious beliefs are akin to imaginative make-believe, contrasting factual knowledge with emotional tendencies.
Group identity plays a significant role in shaping religious credences, influencing individual beliefs and social interactions.
Encouraging introspective analysis and reframing beliefs can lead to productive dialogues, transcending rigid group identities.
Deep dives
Understanding the Distinction between Factual Belief and Religious Credence
Cognitive science delves into the theoretical and experimental aspects of psychology, distinguishing between different cognitive attitudes such as factual belief and religious credence. Neil Van Lewin provides insights into exploring the psychological nature of religious beliefs and practices, emphasizing the voluntary nature of adopting religious credences compared to factual beliefs based on responses to outside incentives.
The Concept of Groupish Beliefs
Neil Van Lewin introduces the idea of groupish beliefs where specific attitudes related to group identity play a crucial role. He highlights the intertwining of religious credences with group identity, underscoring the broader category of belief systems that impact how one aligns with specific groups and navigates social interactions.
Practical Implications of Cognitive Attitudes
Neil Van Lewin discusses the practical implications of his theoretical framework for understanding cognitive attitudes. By focusing on the power of imagination in shaping emotional tendencies, particularly in religious contexts, he suggests introspective analysis and reframing of beliefs to foster more productive dialogues and self-reflection.
The Impact of Emotional Tendencies from Religious Credences
Emphasizing the lasting impact of emotional tendencies shaped by religious credences, Neil Van Lewin highlights how make-believe games in religious contexts can deeply influence individuals even after leaving a religious group. The persistent fusion of imaginative beliefs with group identity can continue to affect emotional responses and social ties.
Engaging with Ideological Credences in Dialogue
Through nuanced language choices that separate identity markers from ideas, Neil Van Lewin suggests a more productive approach to engaging with ideological credences. Encouraging thoughtful discourse by reframing statements using terms like 'I think' rather than 'I believe,' he advocates for constructive dialogue that transcends rigid group identities and fosters open communication.
It doesn't sound very nice, but this week we're asking the question: is religious belief the same as factual knowledge, or is closer to imagination? Cognitive scientist and philosopher Neil Van Leeuwen is here to walk us through the theory he puts forward in his book Religion as Make-Believe A Theory of Belief, Imagination, and Group Identity. And it is fascinating!
Dr. Van Leeuwen dives deep into how our minds relate to the world around us. What distinguishes our understanding of what's in the room next to us from our ideas about who or what controls the universe? Is there a difference between what he calls a "religious credence" that God is present in your life and the factual belief that you're currently sitting on a soft brown sofa? What's going on in our brains when we believe something versus when we know it?
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