Agrippina the Younger, a notorious Roman empress, is discussed in this podcast. Topics include her rise to power, political situation in Rome, her family background, the influence of Roman women, assassination and succession, her rivalry with Messalina, perceptions of her reign, and encounters with male power.
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Quick takeaways
Agrippina the Younger manipulated her position within the Roman imperial family to gain significant power and influence.
Agrippina's relationship with her son Nero eventually soured, leading him to order her murder.
Deep dives
Agrippina the Younger's Rise to Power
Agrippina the Younger, born in the early 1st century AD, was a member of the Giulio-Claudian Dynasty that ruled Rome. She exercised influence when her brother Caligula became Emperor and consolidated her position when she married the Emperor Claudius. Agrippina effectively acted as regent when her son Nero came to power. Her life was filled with drama and intrigue, including her alleged involvement in plots against Caligula and the poisoning of her husband, Claudius. Despite her power, Agrippina ultimately met a tragic end when Nero turned against her and had her killed.
Agrippina's Family Background and Early Life
Agrippina was born into Rome's first family and grew up in a martial and powerful household. Her father, Germanicus, was a popular and successful general, and her mother, Agrippina the Elder, had a strong character. Agrippina's early education is unknown, but her father's death and tensions within the imperial family made her vulnerable. She lived under the influence of her formidable mother and great-grandmother, Livia. Agrippina married her first husband, Domitius Henobabas, at a young age, and the marriage produced one child, Nero.
Agrippina's Rise and Influence during Caligula's Reign
When Agrippina's brother Caligula became Emperor, she gained significant status, receiving honours and appearing on coins alongside Caligula. She and her sisters were commemorated as goddesses of security, prosperity, and concord. Caligula's unpopularity and Agrippina's growing influence led to tensions, including her alleged involvement in a conspiracy. Caligula's assassination and the subsequent rise of Claudius further solidified Agrippina's position. She married Claudius, becoming a powerful Empress, and helped promote her son Nero as a potential heir to the throne.
Agrippina's Influence on Nero and Tragic End
Agrippina played a crucial role in Nero's early reign, but tensions arose as he sought independence from his mother's control. Agrippina's attempts to manage Nero's relationship with the freedwoman Acte led to his rebellion against her influence. Nero moved away from his mother and joined forces with Seneca and Burrus. Eventually, Nero decided to have Agrippina killed, as she posed a threat to his power. She met a noble death, bearing her stomach, where Nero's ascension to power had begun. Agrippina's influence and legacy have been a subject of interpretation and analysis for historians.
Agrippina the Younger was one of the most notorious and influential of the Roman empresses in the 1st century AD. She was the sister of the Emperor Caligula, a wife of the Emperor Claudius and mother of the Emperor Nero. Through careful political manoeuvres, she acquired a dominant position for herself in Rome. In 39 AD she was exiled for allegedly participating in a plot against Caligula and later it was widely thought that she killed Claudius with poison. When Nero came to the throne, he was only 16 so Agrippina took on the role of regent until he began to exert his authority. After relations between Agrippina and Nero soured, he had her murdered.
With:
Catharine Edwards
Professor of Classics and Ancient History at Birkbeck, University of London
Alice König
Lecturer in Latin and Classical Studies at the University of St Andrews
Matthew Nicholls
Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Reading
Producer: Victoria Brignell.
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