What happens to astronauts on an extended stay in space
Sep 23, 2024
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Barry Wilmore and Sunita Williams, seasoned NASA astronauts, share their unplanned journey of an extended eight-month stay at the ISS after issues with the Boeing Starliner. They discuss the technical hurdles that led to this situation and delve into the challenges of resupply and living conditions in space. The conversation highlights health impacts on astronauts in microgravity and the importance of exercise. They also touch on the future of the ISS and the possibility of India's involvement in upcoming space missions.
NASA's Boeing Starliner faced delays due to safety issues, resulting in astronauts Wilmore and Williams extending their stay on the ISS to eight months.
Extended stays in space present health challenges for astronauts, but with careful routines, many adapt well and thrive in microgravity conditions.
Deep dives
Boeing Starliner's Extended Mission
NASA's Boeing Starliner crew capsule was initially planned for an eight-day mission but has now extended to eight months due to technical issues. The capsule experienced helium leaks and malfunctions, leading NASA to deem it unsafe for return. Consequently, astronauts Barry Wilmore and Sunita Williams will remain aboard the International Space Station (ISS) until February 2025. Their situation is far from dire, as former astronauts suggest that extending time in space can be viewed as an exciting opportunity rather than a problem.
Living Conditions and Supplies on the ISS
The International Space Station is equipped to comfortably house multiple astronauts, with a record of 13 residents at one time. Currently, there are about nine crew members aboard, and provisions are in place for comfortable conditions despite limited sleeping quarters. Regular resupply missions ensure that food, water, and essentials like oxygen are abundant, with successful cargo deliveries made by both American and Russian spacecraft. This logistical support alleviates concerns regarding the well-being of astronauts during their extended stays in space.
Health Impacts of Long-Duration Space Travel
Extended space missions pose several health challenges for astronauts, primarily due to the absence of gravity, which alters fluid distribution and physical structure. Astronauts follow a meticulously scheduled routine, designed to include exercise and other activities, to counteract these negative effects on their bodies. Historical data indicates that individuals have thrived during long stays in space, with many expressing a desire to remain longer. This ongoing research is crucial, especially for future missions that may involve prolonged durations, such as trips to Mars.
On June 5 this year, when NASA astronauts Barry Wilmore and Sunita Williams flew the Boeing Starliner crew capsule to the International Space Station, they expected to be back within about eight days. Now however, these seasoned astronauts will remain in space for eight months – until February 2025. What happened? Their capsule which on its first flight with a human crew was not deemed safe enough to bring them back after helium leaks and other malfunctions developed. Eventually, the Starliner capsule returned to Earth without its crew. Barry and Sunita are now scheduled to return in a SpaceX crew capsule next year.
So what happened to the Boeing Starliner? Who is on the ISS now, and is there enough space and adequate supplies for all of them? What happens to the bodies of astronauts who stay in space for extended durations and how does it affect their health? When will the ISS be decommissioned and will India be part of the next, new ISS?
Guest: T.V. Venkateswaran is a science communicator and visiting faculty member at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali
Host: Zubeda Hamid
Edited by Jude Francis Weston
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