S02E14 - Professor Bethany Rittle-Johnson on conceptual and procedural knowledge in mathematics
Aug 3, 2024
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Bethany Rittle-Johnson, a professor of psychology at Vanderbilt University, specializes in how people learn, particularly in math. She explores the balance between conceptual and procedural knowledge, advocating for strategies like worked examples and self-explanations. Bethany emphasizes the importance of recognizing children's innovative problem-solving methods and the need for challenging approaches to enhance engagement. She also discusses using generative AI to address misconceptions and the critical role of comparisons in deepening understanding in math education.
Conceptual knowledge involves grasping abstract mathematical concepts while procedural knowledge focuses on applying specific problem-solving methods, both essential for effective learning.
Patterning is significant in early childhood math education, as nurturing this ability helps children understand quantities and mathematical structures, fostering a love for math.
Utilizing worked examples alongside self-explanations enhances student retention and comprehension, promoting deeper connections between mathematical concepts and problem-solving procedures.
Deep dives
Understanding Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge
Conceptual knowledge involves understanding abstract concepts and general principles within mathematics, such as numerical magnitude and relationships. In contrast, procedural knowledge is the application of specific steps or methods used to solve mathematical problems. Both types of knowledge are essential for effective math education, as they support each other in helping students make sense of mathematical concepts. A balanced approach that incorporates both conceptual and procedural teaching is crucial for fostering deeper understanding in learners.
The Importance of Patterning in Early Math Education
Patterning plays a significant role in early childhood mathematics education and is often underappreciated. Young children show a natural ability to recognize and create patterns, which can help them develop a better understanding of quantities and mathematical structures. Fostering this skill can lead to increased engagement and curiosity, promoting a love for math from an early age. Educators should encourage children to explore complex patterns, beyond basic sequences, to enhance their overall mathematical knowledge.
Utilizing Worked Examples and Self-Explanations
Worked examples serve as valuable tools in math instruction, providing students with step-by-step solutions that they can reference while solving similar problems. Coupling worked examples with self-explanations allows students to articulate their understanding and make connections between concepts and procedures. This combination can enhance retention and comprehension, as learners are prompted to internalize the processes involved. It is essential for educators to implement these strategies effectively to maximize student learning outcomes.
Promoting Comparisons to Enhance Learning
Comparisons are a fundamental mechanism for learning, allowing students to evaluate different strategies or approaches to a problem. Presenting multiple strategies on the same mathematical concept helps students discern effectiveness and applicability, leading to greater procedural flexibility. By encouraging discussions around both correct and incorrect methods, educators can aid students in identifying key features of effective problem-solving. Utilizing comparison-based learning promotes deeper understanding and critical thinking skills.
Creating a Classroom Environment for Sense-Making
A math classroom culture should prioritize sense-making over speed, emphasizing the importance of understanding over quick answers. This approach encourages all students to contribute their ideas and fosters a supportive environment for exploration and inquiry. Incorporating routines such as think-pair-share enables students to engage with content and reflect on their peers' thought processes. By creating such an environment, teachers can enhance mathematical reasoning and cultivate a lasting appreciation for math in their students.
In this episode, Brendan Lee speaks with Bethany Rittle-Johnson, a professor of psychology at Vanderbilt University. Bethany has led a lot of the research around conceptual and procedural knowledge. In this chat, she delves into this topic and also discuss other high impact strategies such as worked examples, self-explanations and the power of comparisons in supporting student learning.
Resources mentioned:
Megan Frankly
The Ericsson Institute
DREME Network: dreme.stanford.edu
What Works Clearinghouse offers overviews of the research for K-12 education.
My broad interests concern how people learn and how to improve their learning. My research focuses on learning of key concepts and problem-solving procedures within mathematics, with an emphasis on experiences that promote learning. I conduct this research in both laboratory and classroom contexts to better understand learning processes and contribute to improvements in math education.
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