Guest Steven Pinker, a linguist and cognitive scientist, discusses artificial intelligence and cognitive science, emphasizing the need for open debates in universities. They also explore the human tendency to catastrophize, the role of emotions in decision-making, and the use of politeness in communication. The speakers question the validity of trusting gut instincts and delve into the significance of gut reactions in decision making processes.
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Quick takeaways
The computational theory of mind suggests that intelligence comes from information processing in the brain and views thinking as computation with control and feedback mechanisms.
There are differences between artificial and real neural networks, including the lack of abstract mental representations and symbols for ideas that humans possess, as well as the higher energy consumption required for training artificial networks.
True intelligence involves pursuing multiple goals and preserving diverse and cooperative relationships, rather than solely focusing on one goal regardless of consequences.
Deep dives
The Computational Theory of Mind
The computational theory of mind proposes that intelligence comes from information processing in the brain. It suggests that knowledge, perception, and ideas are patterns in the brain that correlate with things in the world. Thinking is viewed as computation, where information is transformed into other forms by physical processes. Control and feedback mechanisms play a role in achieving intelligent behavior.
Artificial Neural Networks
Artificial neural networks, inspired by the structure of real neural networks in the brain, learn from experience and aggregate signals to make decisions. However, there are differences between artificial and real neural networks. Large language models and neural nets can simulate intelligent behavior, but they may lack abstract mental representations and symbols for ideas that humans possess. The energy consumption required for training these networks is also much higher compared to the lower power consumption of the human brain.
AI Safety and Existential Threats
The idea that AI poses an existential threat is questioned by Stephen Pinker. He argues that true intelligence involves pursuing multiple goals, and a system that solely pursues one goal, regardless of consequences, is not intelligent but rather a weapon. The key to safety lies in not building systems to be single-goal-driven, avoiding their empowerment, and recognizing that true intelligence involves multiple goals and an appreciation for preserving diverse and cooperative relationships.
Technology's Impact on Cognitive Abilities
Technology, such as the internet and social media, can have positive and negative effects on cognitive abilities. While it provides access to information and cognitive augmentation, it can also lead to misinformation, biases, and negative social dynamics. It is important to be aware of biases and actively seek high-quality data to counteract the pitfalls and utilize the benefits of technology in enhancing cognitive abilities.
Rationality and Common Knowledge
Stephen Pinker emphasizes the need to be aware of cognitive biases and fallacies in order to think more rationally. He discusses the concept of common knowledge and how it affects decision-making and communication. Common knowledge plays a vital role in coordination and allows individuals to interact based on shared understanding. Rationality involves being mindful of biases, evaluating risks based on data, and considering effects of one's actions on common knowledge.
Steven Pinker is a linguist, cognitive scientist, and a professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard. He’s the author of twelve books, including the bestsellers How the Mind Works, Enlightenment Now, and most recently Rationality.
Auren and Steven delve into the world of artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and intellectual freedom. Steven brings his perspective from cognitive psychology to explain how AI does (and does not) mirror the human brain.
They also explore the complexities of disasters, rationality, and academic freedom, with Steven emphasizing the necessity of open debates in universities. The episode concludes with a thought-provoking discussion on honesty, common knowledge, and communication, pondering on the idea that humans sometimes need to forget the truth to remain human.