Cnut's rule brought stability and order to England, while also exporting the Anglo-Saxon style of centralised government to Denmark.
Cnut's transnational approach shaped his empire, but the early deaths of his children prevented a long-lasting dynasty from emerging.
Deep dives
Knute's Ruling Style and Administrative Structure in Denmark and England
Knute is praised for his skillful ruling and his ability to learn from the administrative structures in England, which he brings to Denmark. He establishes a centralized and cosmopolitan rule in England, employing English experts to mint coins, teach administrative systems, and establish Christian centers. In Denmark, he curtails the influence of the German Empire and focuses on forming alliances with disaffected nobles. Knute's transnational approach shapes his northern empire and demonstrates his keen ability to adapt and learn from different cultures.
The Deaths of Knute's Children and the Succession Crisis
Despite his many triumphs, Knute faces the early deaths of his children, which undermines the stability of his dynasty. None of his children reach the age of 25, suggesting a potential genetic component. After Knute's death, a succession crisis occurs, resulting in turmoil and battles for power among his sons. Eventually, Harold Godwinson rises to power and defends England against Scandinavian and Norman forces. The deaths of Knute's children prevent a long-lasting dynasty from emerging.
Knute's English Administration and Legacy
Knute's rule in England follows the administrative structures established by Anglo-Saxon kings. He governs as an English king, employing English experts, issuing laws, and working closely with church statesmen. Knute's alliance with Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his visit to Rome for Conrad's coronation demonstrate his ability to navigate international politics. Knute's legacy in England includes the rise of powerful figures like Godwin and the continuity of Anglo-Danish rule under Edward the Confessor.
Knute's Pan-European Connections and Cultural Adaptability
Knute's ruling style reflects his pan-European connections and adaptability. He connects England, Denmark, and Normandy through diplomatic alliances, marriages, and cultural exchanges. He embraces English, Danish, and continental influences in his court, incorporating Old Norse poetry and creating a multi-lingual, multi-ethnic environment. Furthermore, he learns from other rulers and demonstrates great astuteness in capitalizing on internal divisions within other kingdoms. Knute's ability to navigate different cultures and govern multiple kingdoms underscores his transnational and innovative approach to ruling.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Danish prince who became a very effective King of England in 1016.
Cnut inherited a kingdom in a sorry state. The north and east coast had been harried by Viking raiders, and his predecessor King Æthelred II had struggled to maintain order amongst the Anglo-Saxon nobility too. Cnut proved to be skilful ruler. Not only did he bring stability and order to the kingdom, he exported the Anglo-Saxon style of centralised government to Denmark. Under Cnut, England became the cosmopolitan centre of a multi-national North Atlantic Empire, and a major player in European politics.
With
Erin Goeres
Associate Professor of Old Norse Language and Literature at University College London
Pragya Vohra
Lecturer in Medieval History at the University of York
and
Elizabeth Tyler
Professor of Medieval Literature and Co-Director of the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of York
Producer Luke Mulhall
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