After America E11: Backsliding to the Brink - A Global Playbook for American Authoritarianism
Sep 8, 2024
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The discussion highlights the alarming global trend of democratic backsliding and the rise of authoritarianism. It examines Hungary's shift from democracy to autocracy under Viktor Orban and draws parallels with leaders in India and Russia. The podcast delves into the erosion of civil liberties and the manipulation of democratic institutions. It also analyzes the challenges faced by the EU in addressing these issues and the implications for the U.S. political landscape, especially concerning the potential impact of a second Trump presidency.
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Quick takeaways
Democratic backsliding is a global phenomenon, with democracies like Hungary and India eroding critical norms such as judicial independence and press freedom.
Populist rhetoric actively undermines democratic institutions by portraying the political landscape as a battle between the virtuous majority and a corrupt elite.
The European Union struggles to address authoritarianism within its borders, exemplified by Hungary's manipulation of EU policies and the challenges this poses for collective action.
Deep dives
Elections and Authoritarianism in Hungary
In the recent European Parliament elections, Hungary's ruling party, Fidesz, received less than half the votes for the first time in two decades, indicating a possible shift in public sentiment against Prime Minister Viktor Orban's authoritarian governance. Despite this electoral setback, Orban maintains a strong grip on Hungarian politics, demonstrating how democratic institutions can be undermined from within without an immediate loss of power. His government has systematically dismantled checks and balances, leading to judicial control and media consolidation that favors the ruling party's narrative. This situation not only raises concerns about the future of democracy in Hungary but also poses a significant challenge to the integrity of the European Union as a whole.
Global Trends in Democratic Erosion
Contemporary global democratic backsliding is characterized by the erosion of democratic norms across various countries, including Hungary, India, Brazil, Russia, and Turkey. Research shows that autocratization is occurring at a much faster rate than democratization, with only 18 countries experiencing democratization compared to 42 facing significant declines. This decline often involves weakening judicial independence, suppression of free press, and manipulation of electoral processes to maintain power. The emerging patterns of authoritarian rule in these regions reflect similar strategies, indicating that democratic erosion is a widespread phenomenon with serious implications for international stability.
Populism as a Pathway to Authoritarianism
Populism plays a significant role in the rise of authoritarianism by framing political discourse as a struggle between 'the people' and a corrupt elite, which challenges democratic norms. This divisive narrative allows populist leaders to dismiss checks and balances and presents themselves as the true representatives of the populace, undermining established institutions. The simplistic binary of good versus evil often used in populist rhetoric not only polarizes societies but also threatens minority rights and civil liberties, essential components of liberal democracy. By justifying actions that erode democratic norms in the name of the majority, populism serves as a tool for authoritarianism to gain a foothold in established democracies.
The Role of the European Union
The European Union faces a complicated challenge as it strives to uphold democratic values while grappling with the rise of authoritarianism within its member states, notably Hungary. Efforts to address Hungary's violations of EU standards have been impeded by the slow nature of the legal processes and Hungary's alliances with other member states. Moreover, Orban's government has been successful in manipulating EU policies to its advantage, raising concerns about the Union's ability to maintain cohesion and enforce its own principles. The EU’s struggle to address these issues reflects the broader difficulty of responding to democratic erosion in a global context, where national sovereignty is often prioritized over collective action against authoritarianism.
Lessons for the United States
Democratic backsliding witnessed in Hungary, India, and Russia offers critical insights into potential challenges facing U.S. democracy, especially if populist leaders gain power. The United States has already experienced signs of erosion, such as attacks on electoral integrity, politicization of the judiciary, and increased hostility towards the press. If trends similar to those in Hungary were to continue under a second Trump presidency, the U.S. might see power centralized within the executive branch and the undermining of democratic institutions. This trajectory could lead to a façade of democracy that ultimately masks an authoritarian governance structure, threatening the foundations of liberty and justice in American society.
Is democracy at risk worldwide? In this penultimate episode of After America, we examine the alarming trend of democratic backsliding, the global rise of authoritarianism, and how it might provide a blueprint for a second Trump presidency.
We compare the authoritarian tendencies of leaders in India, Russia, and Hungary, whose tactics in weakening the judiciary, manipulating the media, and undermining fair elections have set a troubling precedent, influencing similar movements across Europe and even some Republican figures in the U.S. This discussion also highlights the broader implications of sacrificing civil liberties for nationalism and security, reflecting on the erosion of democracy in these countries and the potential roadmap it provides for the U.S.
Finally, we discuss the intricate relationship between liberalism and democracy, using Hungary as a case study to explore how democracies without full liberalism can falter. The concept of a "post-communist mafia state" provides a lens through which we analyze Hungary's journey from democracy to autocracy. We also tackle the challenges the European Union faces in addressing Hungary's defiance of democratic norms and consider the global threat of authoritarianism, weighing the contrasting approaches of the EU and the U.S. in imposing sanctions.