Marriage outcomes are influenced by options available in the marriage market, which extends beyond personal choices of love and compatibility to factors like social standing, wealth, and education.
Exploring relationships and taking time to understand personal preferences can lead to stronger and more successful marriages, as indicated by the decline in divorce rates and the trend of singles learning about themselves.
Deep dives
The Marriage Market and Economic Factors
Marriage is not only determined by personal choices, but also by the set of people one has met. The marriage market concept suggests that the person you end up with is determined by the options available. Preferences like love and compatibility are commonly associated with marriage, but economists focus on other factors such as social standing, wealth, and education. Historical examples like the London season, an exclusive marriage market, show how institutional arrangements and social hierarchies can influence marriage outcomes.
Changes in Marriage Trends
Marriage data shows a decline in marriage rates in the United States, but within this decline, there are positive trends. Singles are taking their time to explore relationships and are learning about their own preferences. This can lead to fewer marriages, but also to stronger and more successful marriages. Divorce rates have also decreased, indicating that longer courtships and later marriages contribute to more durable relationships.
Benefits and Motivations for Marriage
Marriage is associated with better life outcomes, including improved health and wealth. Children of married couples tend to fare better in various aspects. However, it is challenging to determine the causal relationship between marriage and these outcomes. While some benefits may be attributed to the selection of partners, there are material advantages to being married. Additionally, love is a metaphysical reason for marriage, as it has deep emotional and cultural significance.
Inequality, Marriage Markets, and Technology
Marriage markets, whether historical or modern, have implications for income and status inequality. Historical examples like the London marriage market show how concentrated wealth and social status affected marriage outcomes and perpetuated inequality. In modern times, digital tools and dating apps have reshaped the marriage market. While these tools increase the possibilities of meeting new people, there is also a risk of sorting and limiting choices based on similarity, potentially perpetuating existing inequality.
Sure, you were “in love.” But economists — using evidence from Bridgerton to Tinder — point to what’s called “assortative mating.” And it has some unpleasant consequences for society.
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