Philosophical Perspectives on Human Nature

Warring States thinkers contemplated the essence of humanity, questioning what makes humans unique, particularly focusing on our cognitive, moral, and social skills. Yang Tzu argued for preserving human nature from negative societal influences, while Meng Tzu believed in the cultivation of natural capacities through social engagement to foster benevolence and propriety. Contrary to Yang Tzu, the main tenets of Confucian philosophy promote the idea that human nature can be developed positively through social norms and ethical practices. The fundamental debate centers around whether external influences are helpful or harmful to human moral development.