Panpsychism

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Feb 22, 2024

Guest

Tim Crane, a Professor of Philosophy, joins fellow philosophers Joanna Leidenhag and Philip Goff to delve into the intriguing concept of panpsychism, which suggests consciousness exists in all matter. They explore how this theory contrasts with materialist views, presenting a third perspective on consciousness. The discussion touches upon thought experiments, the relationship between consciousness and the material world, and the implications of panpsychism on both philosophical and theological contexts, aiming to bridge various beliefs about the essence of existence.

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INSIGHT

Ubiquitous Consciousness

Panpsychism posits consciousness as fundamental and ubiquitous in the universe.
This suggests fundamental particles possess simple consciousness, forming complex experiences like ours.

INSIGHT

Conscious Experience

Conscious experience is what it's like to be you, encompassing senses and thoughts.
Panpsychists believe this extends down to fundamental particles.

INSIGHT

Panpsychism vs. Pantheism and Animism

Panpsychism differs from pantheism (everything is God) and animism (life is everywhere).
Consciousness doesn't equal divinity, and life (e.g., plants) might exist without consciousness.

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Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the idea that some kind of consciousness is present not just in our human brains but throughout the universe, right down to cells or even electrons. This is panpsychism and its proponents argue it offers a compelling alternative to those who say we are nothing but matter, like machines, and to those who say we are both matter and something else we might call soul. It is a third way. Critics argue panpsychism is implausible, an example of how not to approach this problem, yet interest has been growing widely in recent decades partly for the idea itself and partly in the broader context of understanding how consciousness arises.

With

Tim Crane Professor of Philosophy and Pro-Rector at the Central European University Director of Research, FWF Cluster of Excellence, Knowledge in Crisis

Joanna Leidenhag, Associate Professor in Theology and Philosophy at the University of Leeds

And

Philip Goff Professor of Philosophy at Durham University

Producer: Simon Tillotson

Reading list:

Anthony Freeman (ed.), Consciousness and Its Place in Nature: Does Physicalism Entail Panpsychism? (Imprint Academic, 2006), especially 'Realistic Monism' by Galen Strawson

Philip Goff, Galileo's Error: Foundations for A New Science of Consciousness (Pantheon, 2019)

Philip Goff, Why? The Purpose of the Universe (Oxford University Press, 2023)

David Ray Griffin, Unsnarling the World-Knot: Consciousness, Freedom and the Mind-Body Problem (Wipf & Stock, 2008)

Joanna Leidenhag, Minding Creation: Theological Panpsychism and the Doctrine of Creation (Bloomsbury, 2021)

Joanna Leidenhag, ‘Panpsychism and God’ (Philosophy Compass Vol 17, Is 12, e12889)

Hedda Hassel Mørch, Non-physicalist Theories of Consciousness (Cambridge University Press, 2024)

Thomas Nagel, Mortal Questions (Cambridge University Press, 2012), especially the chapter 'Panpsychism'

David Skrbina, Panpsychism in the West (MIT Press, 2007) James van Cleve, 'Mind-Dust or Magic? Panpsychism versus Emergence' (Philosophical Perspectives Vol. 4, Action Theory and Philosophy of Mind, Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1990)