Weight of the world – the climate scientists who saw the crisis coming
Nov 28, 2023
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Graeme Pearman, Lesley Hughes, and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, pioneering Australian scientists, discuss the climate crisis. They predicted increased carbon dioxide levels, species extinctions, and mass coral bleaching events. They reveal their moment of realization, their actions afterward, and their thoughts on the world's response. The podcast also explores challenges faced by climate scientists and journalists, the biodiversity of coral reefs, and the devastating impact of coral bleaching.
Increasing carbon dioxide levels confirmed human activities' contribution to climate change.
Rising temperatures pose a significant risk to coral reefs and their survival.
Deep dives
Climate Science Discoveries: Measuring CO2 Concentration in the Atmosphere
Graham Perman, a climate scientist, and John Garrett joined CSIRO in 1971 to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere. They conducted experiments, including measuring CO2 in air samples, and discovered that concentrations were increasing each year. This confirmed the role of human activities in contributing to CO2 buildup in the atmosphere and potentially causing climate change. Perman also pioneered the extraction of air trapped in ice cores to study CO2 levels over the past million years. The data revealed that current CO2 levels are the highest in almost a million years.
Coral Bleaching: Early Observations and Warnings
Paul Golbergh, a marine scientist, recognized the phenomenon of coral bleaching in the 1980s. Through experiments and observation, he determined that temperature increases were causing corals to bleach and become stressed. He studied the delicate balance between corals and their symbiotic dinoflagellates and noticed the increasing frequency and severity of bleaching events. As the world experienced a globally significant bleaching event in 1998, it became evident that the survival of coral reefs was at risk due to rising temperatures. Golbergh's research highlighted the vulnerability of coral ecosystems to climate change impacts.
Ecology and Species Extinction: Climate Change Impacts
Leslie Hughes, an ecologist, shifted her research focus to climate change in the 1990s. She was among the first to study the effects of climate change on species distributions and life cycles. Her pioneering work quantified the potential extinction risks faced by species due to climate change. Hughes's research, published in 2004, received significant backlash as it drew attention to the alarming number of species facing extinction within the next few decades. She gradually became an advocate for science communication and raising awareness about the consequences of climate change on biodiversity.
From Academic Discovery to Personal Concern: The Emotional Toll
For the scientists involved, the journey from academic discovery to personal concern about climate change was gradual. As they analyzed the data and observed real-world impacts, they realized the urgency and magnitude of the crisis. The weight of the evidence and their personal experiences led them to raise the alarm and become advocates for climate action. Despite facing personal attacks and resistance, they remained committed to communicating the science and striving for positive change.
Science Weekly brings you episode one of a new mini-series from Full Story. Pioneering Australian scientists Graeme Pearman, Lesley Hughes and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg saw the climate crisis coming. Pearman predicted the increase of carbon dioxide levels, Hughes foresaw the alarming number of species extinctions and Hoegh-Guldberg forecast the mass coral bleaching events we’re seeing today. All three went on to become some of the country’s most respected experts in their fields, travelling the globe, briefing leaders, and assuming the world would take action having heard their alarming findings. In part one of this three-part series, these climate scientists reveal the moment they realised the planet was heading for catastrophe. What did they do when they found out? How did they think the world would respond? And how do they feel today, looking back on that moment of cognisance?. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod
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