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The kidneys are vital organs equipped with approximately two million nephrons that filter around 50 gallons of blood daily, recycling 99% of it. High blood pressure and elevated sugar levels, as seen in diabetes, pose significant risks to kidney function, damaging these nephrons and leading to the presence of sugar and protein in urine. Changes in urine color can also indicate kidney damage, as a healthy kidney usually produces amber-yellow urine. Additionally, the activation of vitamin D by the kidneys underscores the need for renal health in nutrient retention and waste elimination.