Michael Mina, a former Harvard epidemiologist and current chief scientific officer at eMed, reveals the surprising impact of measles on the immune system, leading to what's called 'immune amnesia.' He discusses how measles can weaken immune responses and increase vulnerability to other diseases. Stephen Russell, co-founder of Vyriad and a former Mayo Clinic researcher, shares innovative approaches using the measles virus to target cancer cells, exploring this exciting frontier of virotherapy and its potential benefits for cancer treatment.
Recent research shows that measles causes 'immune amnesia', significantly compromising children's immune memory and increasing susceptibility to other infections.
The potential of using the measles virus in oncolytic virotherapy suggests innovative cancer treatment possibilities through its ability to target cancer cells.
Deep dives
The Unexpected Consequences of Measles
Measles has been found to have significant effects on the immune system beyond the immediate symptoms of fever and rash. Recent research indicates that measles infections can lead to a phenomenon termed 'immune amnesia', where children lose a significant portion of their immune memory after recovering from the disease. This loss makes them more susceptible to other infections for an extended period, resulting in increased mortality rates from diseases unrelated to measles. The data show that after measles outbreaks, there was a corresponding rise in deaths from other infectious diseases, suggesting that measles may disrupt the immune system's ability to fight off previously encountered pathogens.
Measles Vaccination and Public Health
The introduction of the measles vaccine drastically reduced not only measles infections but also overall childhood mortality due to other infectious diseases. Researchers observed that as vaccination rates increased, the number of deaths attributed to diseases other than measles decreased significantly, highlighting a protective effect of the vaccine on public health. This revelation raised questions about the direct impact of the vaccine on overall immune function and opened discussions on the broader implications of maintaining high vaccination coverage in communities. Such findings emphasize how preventing measles through vaccination can have extensive positive ripple effects on child health.
Harnessing Measles Virus for Cancer Treatment
Research is exploring how the measles virus could potentially be used to treat certain types of cancer, leveraging its ability to target and destroy cancer cells. Notably, a case was presented where a patient with aggressive multiple myeloma experienced dramatic tumor reduction after receiving the measles virus, which suggested a potential treatment avenue. The findings point to the possibility of utilizing the modified measles vaccine strain, which was inadvertently adapted to preferentially infect cancer cells without causing the disease, as a therapeutic agent. This emerging field, known as oncolytic virotherapy, shows promise for reimagining cancer treatment approaches using the unique properties of viruses.
We thought we knew everything there was to know about measles. But in recent years, new research has revealed that the virus attacks the immune system and creates effects far more dramatic than a rash and fever. For this episode we’re joined by Michael Mina, a former Harvard epidemiologist now at eMed, who helped discover how measles was causing “immune amnesia." Our second guest is Stephen Russell, a former Mayo Clinic researcher who co-founded a company called Vyriad. Russell is trying to use the measles virus to treat cancer.