

Created Equal: An Interpretation and Defense of the American Proposition | Prof. Christopher Kaczor
13 snips Jul 4, 2025
Christopher Kaczor, a distinguished Professor at the University of Notre Dame, passionately advocates for an inclusive understanding of the Declaration of Independence. He argues that 'all men are created equal' refers to every human being, transcending race, gender, and status. Kaczor delves into historical interpretations, including Lincoln's views on civil rights, and the significance of this phrase for marginalized groups, highlighting the need for a broader interpretation of equality in American society.
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Inclusive Meaning of "All Men"
- The phrase "all men are created equal" in the Declaration of Independence is debated as either inclusive to all humans or exclusive to white, propertied males.
- Professor Christopher Kaczor argues for the inclusive interpretation based on linguistic and historical analysis.
Jefferson's Draft and Slavery
- Jefferson's original draft condemned slavery as violating natural rights, calling slaves "men" irrespective of race, sex, or age.
- This supports the idea that "all men" meant all human beings, making the Declaration inclusive rather than exclusive.
State Constitutions Revealed Inclusivity
- Southern states modified "all men" to "all free men" in their constitutions after the Declaration, revealing that the original "all men" included slaves.
- This change shows an awareness that the Declaration intended inclusivity, not exclusivity, in its original wording.