Chris French, a psychologist renowned for his research on paranormal claims, discusses the allure of ‘weird shit’ in our lives. He dives into the psychology behind beliefs in the paranormal, dissecting cognitive biases that fuel fascination with coincidences and conspiracy theories. French explains how our minds seek rationality in extraordinary experiences and explores why we attribute meaning to seemingly random events. With engaging stories and mental experiments, he unveils the surprising patterns in human thought and belief.
The study of anomalistic psychology highlights cognitive biases as key factors influencing beliefs in paranormal phenomena and uncanny experiences.
Coincidence plays a significant role in shaping perceptions, often driving individuals toward extraordinary explanations rather than statistical realities.
Deep dives
Understanding Anomalistic Psychology
Anomalistic psychology seeks to provide non-paranormal explanations for experiences often labeled as paranormal, such as sightings of ghosts or unexplained phenomena. The field operates under the hypothesis that paranormal forces do not exist and aims to interpret bizarre experiences through psychological factors like memory unreliability and cognitive biases. A significant focus is placed on identifying how past experiences, beliefs, and emotional states contribute to an individual's interpretation of strange occurrences. By analyzing these elements, the field hopes to demystify experiences that many attribute to the supernatural.
Cognitive Biases and Beliefs
Cognitive biases significantly influence why people lean toward paranormal explanations rather than rational ones for anomalous experiences. For example, the intentionality bias leads individuals to ascribe purposeful agency to random events, which can foster beliefs in supernatural forces. This tendency to see patterns or assign meaning, rooted in our evolutionary past, helps humans detect potential threats but may result in misinterpretations of everyday occurrences. Believers in the paranormal are often more susceptible to these biases, which can distort their perception of reality.
Coexistence of Coincidences and Conspiracy Theories
Coincidence plays a critical role in shaping people's perceptions, often leading them to extraordinary explanations instead of recognizing these events as statistical phenomena. An illustrative example involves a woman who found her long-lost wedding ring after overhearing a conversation about it in a cafe many years later, showcasing the astronomical improbability of such coincidences. This tendency to connect seemingly disparate events can also bridge into belief systems like conspiracy theories, where individuals attribute intentional actions to complex events. Both realms share cognitive pitfalls, suggesting that biases affecting coincidence interpretations can similarly foster conspiratorial thinking.
The psychologist Chris French has spent decades studying paranormal claims and mysterious experiences, from seemingly impossible coincidences to paintings that purportedly predict the future. In this episode from April 2024, Ian Sample sits down with French to explore why so many of us believe in what he terms ‘weird shit’, and what we can learn from understanding why we are drawn to mysterious and mystic phenomena. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod
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