In this engaging discussion, Victoria Baines, IT Livery Company Professor of Information Technology and Senior Research Associate at Jesus College, Cambridge, dives into humanity's complex relationship with robots. She uncovers the historical roots of automatons, from ancient myths to modern interpretations. Baines explores emotional attachments we form with robot companions and discusses the psychological unease surrounding lifelike machines, emphasizing the balance between fascination and fear in our evolving engagement with artificial intelligence.
The podcast explores the historical origins of robots, revealing humanity's long-standing fascination with autonomous machines dating back to ancient civilizations.
Modern concerns about AI reflect an ongoing ambivalence towards technology, echoing ancient perceptions of automata as both helpful and threatening.
Deep dives
The Roots and Definitions of Robots
The definition of robots is explored, revealing that the origins of the concept depend on one's interpretation of ‘robot’ itself. The term was first popularized by Czech writer Karel Čapek in a 1920 play, but the idea of machines that act autonomously has existed for millennia. Historical references indicate that the notion of automata dates back to the Hellenistic era when self-moving designs were created. Ancient texts, such as the Homeric epics, describe various forms of artificial life, showing that the fascination with robots is a long-standing pursuit of humanity.
Technological Innovation in Ancient Civilizations
The podcast highlights how ancient societies, especially in Hellenistic Alexandria, were hubs of technological innovation, particularly in hydraulics and pneumatics. Engineers like Ctesibius created impressive automata, including statues that could perform actions autonomously, indicating a blend of engineering and artistry. Notably, one described automaton poured libations at grand processions, showcasing the public's fascination with these mechanical wonders. Such advancements illustrate how early civilizations were capable of extraordinary technical feats that resonate with modern ideas surrounding robotics.
The Cultural Significance of Automata
Automata have served as cultural symbols, prompting reflections on human behavior and interaction throughout history. Examples include the perception of robots as both helpers and potential threats, cultivating a complex relationship with technology. Myths, such as those of Talos and Pygmalion, exemplify how societies have intertwined mechanical creations with notions of desire, servitude, and power. The concept of automata extends beyond mere functionality; it reflects deeper societal values and fears regarding human-like machines.
Modern Implications and Historical Parallels
The discussion extends to modern concerns regarding AI and robotics, reflecting a continuous ambivalence towards artificial beings. Technologies like chatbots and advanced robotics elicit mixed reactions, blending fascination with fear, akin to ancient perspectives on automata. The reference to the Mechanical Turk underscores the historical tendency to blend illusion with reality in machines, suggesting that the allure of technology influences human perception. Ultimately, the evolution of robotics poses essential questions about identity, morality, and our relationship with increasingly sophisticated machines, revealing a persistent tension through the ages.
Watch the Q&A session here: https://youtu.be/d6Ao4KmGXBc
Artificial Intelligence is a very recent invention…or is it? Humans have been fascinated by intelligent machines for thousands of years. Some exist only in our collective imagination, in art and literature. Others have seen the light of day as mechanical marvels, although a few were later exposed as elaborate frauds. The robots of today might not be what our ancestors imagined. This lecture argues that the relationship between humans and machines has always been complex, and that we still can’t decide whether we really want them to be like us.
This lecture was recorded by Victoria Baines on 7th January 2025 at Barnard's Inn Hall, London.
Victoria is IT Livery Company Professor of Information Technology.
Victoria is a Senior Research Associate of the Intellectual Forum at Jesus College, Cambridge, a Senior Research Fellow of the British Foreign Policy Group, and a Fellow of the British Computer Society. She is also Visiting Fellow at Bournemouth University’s School of Computing, a former Visiting Research Fellow at Oxford University, and was a guest lecturer at Stanford University in 2019 and 2020. She is a graduate of Trinity College, Oxford and holds a doctorate from the University of Nottingham. She serves on the Safety Advisory Board of Snapchat, the Advisory Board of cybersecurity provider Reliance Cyber, and is a trustee of the Lucy Faithfull Foundation.
The transcript of the lecture is available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/afraid-robots
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