Grace Lindsay, "Models of the Mind: How Physics, Engineering and Mathematics Have Shaped Our Understanding of the Brain" (Bloomsbury, 2021)
Mar 20, 2025
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Grace Lindsay, an assistant professor at NYU specializing in psychology and data science, discusses her book, which bridges neuroscience with physics and mathematics. She explores the benefits and limitations of mathematical models in understanding complex biological systems, using the whimsical 'spherical cow' analogy. Lindsay also delves into the intricacies of neuronal communication, lobster brain functionality, and the challenges of the motor cortex, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing neuroscience and addressing societal issues.
The interplay between mathematical modeling and biological accuracy is crucial in neuroscience, as oversimplified models can lead to misconceptions.
Dr. Grace Lindsay's work demonstrates the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding complex brain functions through diverse scientific principles.
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The Intersection of Neuroscience and Mathematical Modeling
The discussion highlights how mathematical modeling has become essential in neuroscience, particularly in simplifying complex biological systems. One illustrative example mentioned is the concept of the 'spherical cow,' which humorously underscores the challenge of accurately representing biological entities through oversimplified models. The balance between simplification and biological accuracy is crucial, as oversights can lead to misguided interpretations of neural function. Ultimately, the chapter emphasizes that while models can yield valuable insights, they must be used cautiously, keeping their inherent limitations in mind.
Complexity in Neural Communication and Information Theory
Applying principles of information theory to neuroscience reveals insights about how neurons transmit signals, yet limitations persist when these concepts are stretched too far. The analogy of neurons as communication channels underscores the importance of understanding not only the transmission of signals but also the computations they perform. This becomes particularly relevant when considering that while a neuron transmits information, it also modifies that information, reinforcing the idea that neural functions cannot be fully encapsulated by straightforward transmission models. The ongoing challenge is to integrate these perspectives into a comprehensive understanding of neural signaling.
Learning from Simplicity: Insights from Lobster Neural Circuits
Research on the neural circuits controlling digestion in lobsters highlights the broader implications for understanding brain function across species. This simple system demonstrates that one circuit can produce various behaviors, suggesting that understanding neural connectivity alone is insufficient to predict function. Also, it emphasizes that multiple circuits may achieve similar outcomes, adding another layer of complexity to the relationship between brain structure and function. These findings serve as a cautionary reminder in neuroscience, pushing researchers to recognize the intricate variability that can exist within even seemingly straightforward systems.
It's accessible for a general audience, not expecting any previous knowledge of neuroscience or maths. At the same time, neuroscientists have described it as impressive. According to Gaute Einevoll, professor of brain physics, "this is a book that belongs on the bookshelf of any computational neuroscientist and lots of other people".
In our conversation, we covered some of the overarching themes of the book. The constant push and pull between mathematics and biology: mathematical models simplifying complex phenomena and biology pointing out the importance of a specific detail. What efficiency means for a biological system, like the brain. Whether and how much we can assume that an evolved system is efficient.
Dr. Grace Lindsay also talked about how science communication has helped her explore and discuss topics not directly related to her research. She started blogging and podcasting during her PhD, which has led to further writing opportunities, including this popular science book.
Similar to Models of the Mind, the Lindsay Lab is multidisciplinary: It uses artificial neural networks for psychology, neuroscience, and climate change. In the interview, Dr. Grace Lindsay talked about her decision about the lab's profile She explains the overlap in technologies used for studying visual systems and satellite images. We also hear about examples of how scientists in various fields have taken on research topics related to climate change.