169. Freedom Fighters Betrayed: Colonising the Philippines
Jul 17, 2024
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Daniel Immerwa, an expert on Filipino history, discusses the colonization of the Philippines post-Spanish-US war. Topics include betrayal of Filipinos, Emilio Aguinaldo's revolutionary fight against American imperialism, and the complexities of balancing expansion, democracy, and white supremacy during the acquisition of the Philippines by the US.
The Philippines honored the US in their new constitution and flag, but were betrayed in the brutal war against American imperialism.
Racial attitudes and ideologies prevalent in 1898 justified the US brutal measures like the 'water cure' in the conflict with Filipinos.
Deep dives
US Acquisition of Overseas Colonies in 1898
In the pivotal year of 1898, the United States witnessed a significant shift in its approach to territorial expansion by acquiring populated overseas colonies. This marked a departure from previous expansions, triggering a shift in the national attitude towards acquisition of lands with non-white populations, such as the Philippines.
Racial Attitudes and Anglo-Saxon Superiority
The racial attitudes prevalent in 1898 reflected a widespread acceptance of racist ideologies as legitimate theories shaping history and societal structures. Books like 'Anglo-Saxon Superiority' propagated beliefs in the superiority of certain peoples destined for greatness. This racial hierarchy was not viewed as a character flaw but as a divine mandate or natural order.
US Involvement in the Philippines and Balangiga Massacre
During the conflict in the Philippines, the United States faced resistance from Filipinos who mounted attacks like the Balangiga Massacre, reflecting a common sentiment of local opposition to external rule. The US response to such challenges involved brutal measures, including tactics like the 'water cure' to extract information.
Impact of US Expansion on American Mindset
The acquisition of territories like the Philippines showcased a dual perception in American history, with mainland awareness often overlooking the presence and consequences of overseas colonies. The US experience in the Philippines led to strategic shifts towards dollar diplomacy and soft power tactics, influencing subsequent foreign policy approaches.
By the end of the Spanish-US war, the Philippines was on the menu. Two battles played out simultaneously on the archipelago: and old and a new empire fought for power over a colony, whilst Filipinos fought for independence. The Philippines honoured the US in their new constitution and flag. But they were betrayed, and a young revolutionary, Emilio Aguinaldo, led the Filipino people in the brutal war against American imperialism. Listen as Anita and William are joined once again by Daniel Immerwahr to explore the colonisation of the Philippines.