John Bew Applies History to Foreign Policy-Making | Secrets of Statecraft | Andrew Roberts | Hoover Institution
Nov 6, 2024
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John Bew, a professor at King's College London and a former advisor to four UK prime ministers, shares insights from his extensive historical expertise. He connects past statesmen like Castlereagh to modern foreign policy challenges. Bew discusses the complexities of grand strategy and the notable foreign policy of Clement Attlee. He reflects on navigating political turbulence during crises like the Ukraine invasion, emphasizing historical context in decision-making. The impact of COVID-19 on diplomatic norms and the legacies of historical texts further shape his analysis of current international relations.
John Bew's academic journey was deeply influenced by his parents, leading him to a career in foreign policy and historical analysis.
Bew emphasizes the historical significance of Lord Castlereagh's innovative diplomatic strategies during the Napoleonic Wars, relevant to contemporary statecraft.
The podcast underscores the need for adaptability in foreign policy, reflecting on the complexities of current geopolitical challenges like the Ukraine crisis.
Deep dives
A Scholar's Path to Diplomacy
John Bew reflects on his journey into academia and foreign policy, emphasizing the familial influence of his parents, both esteemed professors. He describes his entry into the field as a byproduct of not excelling in other professions, leading him to embrace the scholarly path. Bew acknowledges that his historical inclination was shaped by personal experiences and historical context, particularly his connection to significant figures in British history like the foreign minister Castlereagh. This background laid the foundation for his subsequent roles as a foreign policy advisor to four prime ministers.
Revisiting Historical Figures
Bew discusses his book on Lord Castlereagh, a pivotal yet underappreciated figure in British foreign policy during the Napoleonic Wars. He highlights Castlereagh's significant role in maintaining coalitions against Napoleon, which involved innovative strategies beyond traditional land warfare. Moreover, Bew draws parallels between Castlereagh's diplomatic strategies and the complexities of contemporary statecraft, emphasizing the balance between ideals and pragmatic politics. He argues that understanding historical context is crucial for modern policymakers, noting Castlereagh's commitment to upholding enlightenment values in a tumultuous world.
The Complexity of Realpolitik
The discussion transitions to Bew's exploration of Realpolitik, drawing connections to his experiences with Henry Kissinger, a prominent figure in practical diplomacy. Bew elaborates on how Realpolitik must be understood not as a rigid ideology but as a dynamic approach that considers both idealism and the harsh realities of power politics. He reflects on Castlereagh's approach to foreign policy, which sought to balance maintaining order and pursuing civilizational values amidst conflicting national interests. This nuanced understanding of diplomacy serves as a framework for analyzing contemporary challenges in international relations.
Clement Attlee's Legacy
Bew shifts the focus to Clement Attlee, the subject of his book 'Citizen Clem,' who played a transformative role in post-war British politics. He notes Attlee's deep patriotism and his significant contributions to the establishment of NATO and various alliances that shaped Britain's security landscape. Bew emphasizes Attlee's unique character, highlighting his unassuming nature and his dedication to public service, which belied his impactful legacy. Through discussing Attlee's experiences, Bew illustrates how understanding the context and character of historical leaders can inform current political discourse.
Navigating Contemporary Foreign Policy Challenges
The podcast culminates in a discussion on Britain's current foreign policy landscape, particularly in response to the Ukraine crisis and the implications of recent geopolitical events. Bew shares his insights gained from working closely with Boris Johnson during a pivotal moment in international diplomacy, stressing the importance of unity among allies. He reflects on the complexity of decision-making processes when faced with unprecedented challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and its lingering effects on global relations. Bew emphasizes the need for strategic foresight and adaptability in a rapidly changing world, drawing lessons from historical precedents to navigate future uncertainties.
Professor John Bew’s knowledge as the biographer of Lord Castlereagh and Clement Attlee and the historian of Realpolitik was put to good use when he became the senior foreign policy advisor to no fewer than four British prime ministers.
Recorded on October 18, 2024.
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