Economic historian Brad DeLong discusses the transformative long 20th century, from technological growth to challenges in resource distribution. The rise and fall of social democracy, the role of the state in market regulation, missed opportunities for bold policy changes, and potential narratives for the 21st century are explored.
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Quick takeaways
The long 20th century brought significant technological advancements and globalization, improving life and defeating scarcity, but challenges like distribution and global issues still persist.
The rise and fall of social democracy during the 20th century highlights the need for a potential new economic framework that aligns market prices with social values in the face of challenges and the limitations of neoliberalism.
Deep dives
The Long 20th Century: From 1870 to 2010
In this podcast episode, economic historian Brad DeLong discusses the transformative period from 1870 to 2010, which he calls the 'long 20th century.' During this time, technological advancements and globalization radically changed every aspect of economic life in the global north. The world went from a poverty-stricken society, where most people lived on $3 a day, to experiencing an explosion of technological progress that doubled humanity's technological competence every generation. However, despite this progress, challenges of distribution, utilization, and global issues like global warming, nuclear proliferation, neo-fascism, and major power war still persist. The episode explores the limitations of neoliberalism, the potential for a new economic paradigm, and the complexities of aligning market prices with social values.
The Rise and Fall of Social Democracy
The podcast delves into the rise and fall of social democracy during the 20th century. It highlights the success of social democracies in achieving both economic growth and equitable distribution of resources in the period between 1945 and 1975. However, the episode also explores the challenges faced by social democracies and the subsequent rise of neoliberalism, which emphasized the power of markets over the state to achieve social democratic ends. The financial crisis in 2008 and the subsequent political and economic responses are examined, including the missed opportunities for more ambitious action. The episode raises questions about the sustainability of the current economic paradigm and the need for a potential new economic framework in the future.
The Uncertain Path Forward
Looking ahead, the podcast considers the uncertain path forward for society and the economy. It highlights the ongoing technological advancements in fields like info biotech and the need to adapt organizational codes to match the evolving economic landscape. The episode also discusses the challenges of global warming, nuclear proliferation, neo-fascism, and major power war as significant factors shaping the future. It questions whether society can find a new economic paradigm that effectively addresses these challenges and aligns market prices with social values. The potential for a shift towards social democracy or other alternative models is explored, but the future remains uncertain.
The Role of Media and Emotional Spectacle
The podcast reflects on the role of media in shaping public discourse and political engagement. It raises concerns about the rise of emotional spectacle and the decline of rational compromise in modern media. The impact of social media and the polarization of public opinion are highlighted as challenges to productive political discussions and compromise. The episode emphasizes the need to move beyond emotional spectacle and find ways to engage in meaningful dialogue and collaboration to address the complex societal and economic challenges of the 21st century.
Sean Illing talks with economic historian Brad DeLong about his new book Slouching Towards Utopia. In it, DeLong claims that the "long twentieth century" was the most consequential period in human history, during which the institutions of rapid technological growth and globalization were created, setting humanity on a path towards improving life, defeating scarcity, and enabling real freedom. But... this ran into some problems. Sean and Brad talk about the power of markets, how the New Deal led to something approaching real social democracy, and why the Great Recession of 2008 and its aftermath signified the end of this momentous era.
Host: Sean Illing (@seanilling), host, The Gray Area