Meet the Most Famous American You’ve Never Heard Of: His Legacy is Excellent French Fries and Monsanto
Apr 30, 2024
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Meet Luther Burbank, the horticultural rock star behind the French fry potato variety. Learn about his struggles with patenting his plant inventions and how it shaped today's supermarket shelves. Explore the wild world of plant breeding, patent laws, and the rise of big companies like Monsanto in controlling agricultural innovations.
Luther Burbank's plant inventions, like the Burbank potato, shaped modern agriculture without patent protection.
Burbank's breeding process involved extensive experimentation, highlighting the challenges of patenting his creations.
Shift towards trademarking and patents in plant breeding favors corporations, limiting access for smaller growers and posing risks to food diversity.
Deep dives
Luther Burbank: The Plant Wizard's Remarkable Legacy
Luther Burbank, known as the Plant Wizard, astounded the world with his horticultural wonders, creating over 800 commercial plant varieties without the ability to patent them. This led to a world where companies like Monsanto could patent seeds farmers needed, changing food production. Burbank's plant inventions, like the Burbank potato, revolutionized agriculture, showing the frustrating limits of patenting nature's creations.
Burbank's Struggles with Patenting and Development
Unable to patent his plant creations, such as the Burbank potato, Burbank faced challenges in protecting his inventions. He grappled with the difficulty of disclosing how he created his plants, hindering his ability to patent them. Burbank's process required extensive experimentation, with millions of failed plants discarded for every successful creation, showcasing the complexities of his breeding work.
The Evolution of Plant Patenting and Trademarks
Over time, plant patenting evolved, with universities and corporations seeking to protect their plant varieties through trademarks and patents. The Stark brothers' strategies, like using misleading protections, highlighted the shift towards safeguarding plant inventions. This approach extended the rights of breeders, allowing for long-term protection of new varieties in the market.
Challenges in Fruit Innovation and Protection
Modern plant breeders use trademarking and patenting to safeguard fruit varieties, ensuring quality and exclusivity. However, this approach favors large corporations and limits smaller growers' access to patented plants. The control over food cultivars by a few entities raises concerns of monoculture and potential risks to food security and diversity.
The Balance Between Innovation and Control
While patents encourage plant innovation, unregulated IP control over essential goods like food presents risks. Concentrating power over food varieties in a few companies could lead to vulnerabilities in the food supply chain. The need for new varieties advocates for IP protection, but unchecked power in essential goods may pose threats to food diversity and security.
In his day, Luther Burbank was a horticultural rock star: everyone from opera singers to movie stars and European royalty to an Indian guru traveled to Santa Rosa, California, to meet him. Dubbed the "plant wizard," Burbank invented the plumcot and the stoneless plum, the white blackberry, and the potato variety used in every French fry you've ever eaten—as well as some 800 more new-and-improved plants, from walnuts to rhubarb. His fame as a plant inventor put him in the same league as Thomas Edison—but, while Edison patented his light bulb and phonograph, Burbank had no legal way to protect his crop creations. Listen now for the story of Luther Burbank, the most famous American you've never heard of, and how his struggles shaped what's on our supermarket shelves today, but also led to a world in which big companies like Monsanto can patent life. It's a wild ride that involves the death spiral of the Red Delicious and the rise of the Cosmic Crisp apple, as well as coded notebooks, detective agencies, rogue farmers, and a resistance movement led by former New York City mayor (and subsequent airport namesake) Fiorello La Guardia.