The Ramayana, an ancient Hindu epic, is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature and a sacred text by Hindus today.
The Ramayana reflects the societal blessings and curses of the axial age, highlighting the material wealth, technology, and cultural advancements of Rama's kingdom while also portraying challenges in succession, corruption, and public confidence.
Deep dives
The Story of Ramayana
The podcast episode explores the ancient Hindu epic, the Ramayana, which is considered one of the greatest works in world literature. It tells the story of Prince Rama and Princess Sita, as well as their challenges, misfortunes, and choices. The plot follows Rama's journey to defeat the demon Ravana and rescue Sita, who has been abducted. The story is filled with adventure, divine interventions, and powerful alliances, such as Rama's alliance with a kingdom of semi-divine monkeys. The Ramayana is seen as a sacred text by Hindus and has had a significant cultural influence in India and other parts of Asia.
The Historical Background
The Ramayana is believed to have emerged around 500 BC during a time of significant societal changes known as the axial age. During this period, the rise of kingdoms and the ideology of the state transformed the societal landscape. The Ramayana reflects the societal blessings and curses of this era, highlighting the material wealth, technology, and cultural advancements of Rama's kingdom. However, it also portrays challenges in succession, corruption, and public confidence. The Ramayana and the contemporary epic Mahabharata exemplify a shift from tribal, multicultural societies to centralized states and the complex realities that accompany this transition.
The Influence of the Ramayana
The Ramayana has had a profound impact on literature, culture, and politics across Asia. It has been retold in various languages and cultural contexts, adapting its themes to resonate with different societies. In India alone, there are versions in Tamil, Betan, and Hindi, among others. The story has been embraced beyond Hinduism, with Muslim and Buddhist retellings as well. Kingship, multiculturalism, love, and ethical dilemmas are some of the enduring elements that make the Ramayana relevant and adaptable across time and cultures.
Ethical Messages and Ideas
The Ramayana conveys various ethical messages and explores complex moral dilemmas. On the surface, it emphasizes the triumph of good over evil, righteousness over unrighteousness, and the need for divine order. However, the text also presents nuanced characters and situations that challenge simplistic moral frameworks. Characters like Ravana, who are not entirely bad, and the complex actions of the main protagonists, raise questions about justice, loyalty, and the nature of divinity. The Ramayana invites readers to actively engage with moral complexities and grapple with the multifaceted nature of human experiences.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Ramayana, the ancient Hindu epic which is regarded as one of the greatest works of world literature. Its importance in Indian culture has been compared to that of the Iliad and Odyssey in the West, and it’s still seen as a sacred text by Hindus today.
Written in Sanskrit, it tells the story of the legendary prince and princess Rama and Sita, and the many challenges, misfortunes and choices that they face. About 24,000 verses long, the Ramayana is also one of the longest ancient epics. It’s a text that’s been hugely influential and it continues to be popular in India and elsewhere in Asia.
With
Jessica Frazier
Lecturer in the Study of Religion at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies
Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad
Distinguished Professor of Comparative Religion and Philosophy at Lancaster University
and
Naomi Appleton
Senior Lecturer in Asian Religions at the University of Edinburgh
The image above shows Rama, Sita, Hanuman, Lakshmana and devotees, from the Shree Jalaram Prarthana Mandal, Leicester.
Producer Luke Mulhall
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