Islamic State – How global chaos is bringing terror back
Dec 4, 2024
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In a deep dive into global terrorism, Charles Lister, a Middle East Institute expert on ISIS, and Ryan O’Farrell, a senior analyst at the Bridgeway Foundation focused on ISIS in Africa, unpack the group's alarming resurgence. They discuss the shift in ISIS tactics, rising attacks, and the dire situation in Syrian detainee camps. The conversation also highlights ISIS’s expanding influence in Africa and the challenges faced by local populations. With complex insurgent dynamics and dwindling Western support, there's a pressing need for renewed international attention.
Despite losing territorial control, ISIS is strategically repositioning and escalating its activities in populated areas of Syria and beyond.
The dire conditions of prisons housing former ISIS fighters are exacerbating the humanitarian crisis, potentially breeding future extremism and complicating counterterrorism efforts.
Deep dives
The Resurgence of ISIS
Despite the defeat of ISIS's territorial control, the group continues to pose an active threat both in Syria and globally. Recent developments show a surge in ISIS activities, particularly in Syria where the operational tempo is expected to double in 2024, while attacks in northeastern Syria could triple. This resurgence is attributed to a lack of stability and the chaotic environment that enables recruitments and daring attacks against well-defended positions. The shift in operational focus from the central Syrian desert to more populated areas suggests that ISIS is strategically repositioning itself to exploit vulnerabilities in military and governance structures.
The Humanitarian Crisis in Prisons and Camps
The conditions in prisons and IDP camps housing former ISIS fighters and their families remain dire, contributing to a complex humanitarian crisis. With around 9,500 men detained in makeshift facilities across northeastern Syria, issues like tuberculosis have exacerbated the situation, and there is little judicial oversight. Countries are hesitant to repatriate individuals, leaving these facilities as potential breeding grounds for future extremism. The priority remains unclear, with Western nations grappling with how to handle these detainees while the threat from ISIS continues to evolve.
Transnational Threats and Evolving ISIS Operations
ISIS's transformation from a regional threat to a global organization has raised alarms among counterterrorism agencies. Recent attacks in locations such as Russia and Iran highlight the group's ability to operate and coordinate across various countries, suggesting extensive financial and logistical networks. The involvement of ISIS resources in foiled plots around the globe, including funding for attacks in Southern Europe, indicates a more sophisticated and interconnected operational model. This evolution complicates counterterrorism efforts, as monitoring threats requires intelligence sharing across a broader spectrum of countries.
The Challenges of Counterterrorism in African Regions
In Africa, the landscape of jihadist groups has adapted following the rise of ISIS, with various factions pledging allegiance to the organization. Notably, the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) has emerged as a dominant force, effectively administering territories in northeast Nigeria while maintaining a relatively stable environment compared to more brutal factions. The complexities of counterterrorism efforts in regions like the Sahel are heightened as Western support dwindles, with local governments struggling to manage the growing insurgencies. This shift in focus away from counterterrorism may allow groups like ISIS to capitalize on security vacuums, further complicating the landscape of global terrorism.
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This year marks a decade since ISIS hit the headlines with their dramatic rise to power in Iraq. It would be easy now to think it is a thing of the past. But in 2024 the group is having a resurgence in Syria, has a presence across Africa, and has morphed into a worldwide operation.
With multiple wars and a new phase of global disorder upon us, has the West forgotten about countering the threat of ISIS?
Emma Beals assesses the state of ISIS worldwide and the foreign policy response to its continued threat with Charles Lister, director of the Syria and Countering Terrorism & Extremism programs at the Middle East Institute, and discusses their presence in Africa with Ryan O’Farrell, senior analyst at the Bridgeway Foundation and the co-author of The Islamic State in Africa: The Emergence, Evolution, and Future of the Next Jihadist Battlefront.
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Written and presented by Emma Beals. Produced by Robin Leeburn. Original theme music by Paul Hartnoll – https://www.orbitalofficial.com. Executive Producer Martin Bojtos. Group Editor Andrew Harrison. This Is Not A Drill is a Podmasters production.