Biblical World Mary Buck - The Achaemenid Period
Nov 18, 2025
Mary Buck, a scholar of the Second Temple period, dives into the fascinating Achaemenid Empire, highlighting rulers like Cyrus the Great. She discusses Cyrus's policies that facilitated the Jewish return to Jerusalem and the construction of the Second Temple. The episode also explores Darius I’s consolidation of power, the grand architecture of Persepolis, and the impact of the Achaemenid administration on communication and trade. Buck emphasizes the empire's vast reach and its critical role in shaping biblical history.
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Scale And Longevity Of The Achaemenid Realm
- The Achaemenid Empire (539–333/331 BCE) covered vast territory from Iran to parts of Europe and India, holding control for about two centuries.
- Its scale required advanced administration and infrastructure to maintain cohesion across diverse regions.
Cyrus's Religious Legitimacy Strategy
- Cyrus the Great used local religious language and policies to legitimize his rule, portraying himself as chosen by Babylon's chief god Marduk.
- He uniquely allowed deported populations to return and restored their cult images, signaling religious tolerance and political pragmatism.
Cyrus's Tomb As Ancient Pilgrimage Site
- Cyrus's tomb still stands and remains a pilgrimage site honored on Cyrus the Great Day (October 29).
- Alexander the Great visited and restored the tomb, reflecting Cyrus's lasting reputation.
