#370 - AMA #76: Peter evaluates longevity drugs, aspirin for CVD, and strategies to improve muscle mass — proven, promising, fuzzy, noise, or nonsense?
whatshot 71 snips
Oct 27, 2025
In this engaging AMA, Peter explores the effectiveness of various longevity drugs, classifying them using a unique scale from proven to nonsense. He dives into the potential benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and discusses the role of low-dose aspirin in cardiovascular health. Muscle mass improvement strategies also take center stage, focusing on optimal protein intake and innovative gene therapy methods. Listeners gain insights into today's hottest health interventions through a clear, evidence-based lens.
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insights INSIGHT
Five-Tier Evidence Scale
The podcast uses a five-tier evidence scale: proven, promising, fuzzy, noise, nonsense.
Items can move between tiers as new data emerge, so maintain intellectual flexibility.
question_answer ANECDOTE
Return To A Popular Framework
The hosts reference a previous episode (300) where the same scale was used and listeners liked it.
This shows the recurring utility of the framework for summarizing complex topics.
volunteer_activism ADVICE
Evaluate Claims Systematically
Use the proven/promising/fuzzy/noise/nonsense framework to evaluate health claims systematically.
Update judgments as new, higher-quality data appear to avoid clinging to outdated beliefs.
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In this "Ask Me Anything" (AMA) episode, Peter revisits the "proven, promising, fuzzy, noise, nonsense" scale and applies it to a variety of popular topics. He begins with a refresher on what each category represents before classifying a range of interventions based on the strength of their supporting evidence. The conversation spans three main areas: drugs for geroprotection (including GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, methylene blue, and telomere-lengthening supplements), the use of low-dose aspirin for cardiovascular disease prevention, and strategies to improve muscle mass through optimal protein intake and follistatin gene therapy. This episode provides a clear, evidence-based overview for listeners seeking to understand where these popular health and longevity interventions stand on the spectrum of scientific credibility.
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We discuss:
A scale for evaluating scientific claims: proven, promising, fuzzy, noise, or nonsense [1:30];
Strong convictions, loosely held: the mindset that separates great scientists from the rest [7:30];
GLP-1 receptor agonists: are there benefits beyond improving metabolic health and promoting weight loss? [12:45];
GLP-1 drugs and the brain: exploring the potential cognitive benefits [18:45];
GLP-1 drugs and lifespan: examining the evidence for potential geroprotective effects [23:00];
Rapamycin and geroprotection: why it remains in the "promising" category [25:45];
SGLT2 inhibitors and their potential geroprotective effect [27:30];
Methylene blue: examining the evidence of an anti-aging effect [34:45];
Methylene blue's potential neuroprotective effects: limited and inconsistent evidence in humans, and the challenges of dosing and safety [41:15];
Telomeres: what they are, how they relate to aging, and why telomere-lengthening supplements lack credible scientific evidence [43:45];
Does the idea of targeting telomere length to extend lifespan have scientific merit? [50:15];
Low-dose aspirin for cardiovascular disease prevention: weighing its clot-prevention benefits against bleeding risks across different populations [55:00];
Rethinking the protein RDA: why most people need twice the recommended amount for muscle health [1:00:45];
Debunking the protein–cancer myth: why higher protein intake doesn't promote tumor growth [1:06:15];
The biology of follistatin and myostatin, and why follistatin gene therapy has become an emerging topic of interest for muscle growth [1:13:15];
Follistatin gene therapy for muscle growth: state of the evidence in animals and humans, and the technical challenges and regulatory barriers [1:17:00];
Why injectable follistatin is theoretically possible but impractical for real-world use [1:23:15]; and
The Peter Attia Drive