
Cold Call Apollo Global Management’s Business Model Transformation
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Nov 11, 2025 George Serafeim, a Harvard Business School professor and expert on Apollo Global Management, dives into Apollo's evolution from a private equity giant to an insurance-focused powerhouse. He discusses the implications of their Athene acquisition, revealing shifts in their financial profile and governance. The conversation covers the competitive landscape between asset-heavy and asset-light firms, the transformation of their investment strategy, and the growing role of private credit. Serafeim also emphasizes the importance of risk management amid changing market dynamics.
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Balance-Sheet Transformation Changes Everything
- Apollo's deal with Athene turned a fee-driven private equity firm into an insurance-backed capital manufacturer.
- That shift created a massive balance-sheet transformation and new regulatory and risk challenges.
Retirement Demand Fuels Cheap, Long-Term Capital
- Insurers needed higher yield for long-dated annuity promises as rates fell and retirees grew.
- Apollo saw this as a source of long-duration, lower-cost capital to deploy into credit and other assets.
Reform Governance To Signal Trust
- Strengthen governance: increase shareholder voting power and independent boards to build credibility.
- Shift compensation toward deferred equity and set up separate investment committees for conflicting interests.

