Massimo and Julia from the Rationally Speaking podcast answer thought-provoking questions ranging from sacred beliefs to moral repugnance in philosophy. They explore the significance of rationality in decision-making and reflect on the impact of individual votes in elections, debating the rationality of voting in local versus national elections.
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Quick takeaways
Importance of challenging beliefs based on evidence
Differentiating true skeptics from followers of opinions with a 'how do you know?' test
Exploring the evolving relationship between philosophy and empirical sciences
Deep dives
Questioning Beliefs About God: Evidence and Natural Explanations
It is explored how skeptics question their beliefs about the existence of God, considering the possibility of natural explanations for perceived evidence. The significance of having a willingness to challenge one's beliefs based on potential evidence is emphasized. The discussion delves into the idea that empirical evidence may not always be conclusive due to the perpetual search for natural explanations, highlighting the complex interplay between evidence and belief systems.
Critical Thinking: Identifying True Skeptics
The podcast navigates the distinction between critical thinkers and individuals who adopt skeptic views without critical analysis. By proposing a test based on the question 'how do you know,' the episode conceptualizes a methodology to discern genuine skeptics from those who hold beliefs without justification. Emphasizing the importance of justifying beliefs with sound reasoning, the conversation underscores the value of critical thinking in differentiating true skeptics from mere followers of popular opinions.
Science vs. Philosophy: Evolving Boundaries
The episode reflects on the evolving boundaries between science and philosophy, highlighting how certain philosophical domains transition into empirical sciences. Case studies are presented illustrating philosophy's historical role as a precursor to scientific disciplines. Reflecting on fields like philosophy of mind transitioning into cognitive science, the discussion explores the intertwining nature of philosophical inquiry and scientific exploration, shedding light on the dynamic relationship between philosophy and evolving scientific knowledge.
Progress in Philosophy and Science
Progress in philosophy and science is discussed. In science, historical perspective reveals blunders and dead ends, challenging the notion of linear progress. Fashion also influences scientific trends. In philosophy, progress is based on conceptual rather than empirical evidence. The podcast delves into examples in the philosophy of science, showcasing advancements beyond falsificationism.
Voting and Self-Deception
The significance of voting and potential self-deception are explored. While the impact of a single vote in national elections may seem negligible, local and primary elections hold more weight. Voting is viewed as not merely a right but a duty in democracy. The discussion highlights the rationality of voting decisions amid considerations of individual impact and societal responsibilities.
In the first of what we hope will be a regular feature of Rationally speaking, Massimo and Julia answer listeners' questions. These range from what are M & J's sacred cows, to how we should approach morally repugnant claims made by venerated philosophers, to whether we are deluding ourselves believing that our votes count.
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