Exploring the lives and poetry of English Romantics like Blake, Wordsworth, and Coleridge. Discussing Byron, Shelley, and Keats' unconventional lifestyles and tragic deaths. Analyzing the impact of the French Revolution on British poetry and the poets' fascination with antiquity. Delving into Byron's popularity, Keats' criticism, and contrasting nature depictions between Lake poets and London poets.
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Quick takeaways
The Later Romantics challenged traditional poetry with themes of sexuality, death, and political revolution.
Byron, Shelley, and Keats drew inspiration from Greek democracy and mythology as symbols of freedom.
Deep dives
The Second Wave of Romantic Poets Emerges
In the early 19th century, Byron, Shelley, and Keats emerged as the new figures in British poetry, with a shift from the poetic revolution of Wordsworth and Coleridge. Influenced by the French Revolution, characterized by new thinking about society and politics, these younger poets challenged the previous generation's ideas. Born in the 1790s, they were inspired by Wordsworth and Coleridge as poetic revolutionaries, seeking a fresh literary direction away from the older poets' perceived sellout.
Era of Political Repression and Artistic Innovation
The Regency period post the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 was marked by a mix of sexual indulgence and political oppression. Militaristic repression followed revolutionary actions across Europe, exemplified by the Peterloo massacre in 1819. The poets like Shelley, Byron, and Keats found inspiration in Greek democracy, mythology, and classical subject matter as symbols of freedom and alternative to mainstream Christianity.
Poetic Expression and Personal Turmoil
Byron's work, like 'Child Harold,' captured public attention with a mysterious, gloomy hero, a departure from traditional poetic styles. Shelley evolved from propagandist radical to a contemplative poet, using verse as a private reflection, creating impact for future readers. Keats, consumed by unrequited love for Fanny Braun, found solace and inspiration in the classical beauty and nature, showcasing a different poetic lens than his contemporaries.
Sex and Death as Key Imagery
Sex and death were prevalent motifs in the works of the younger romantics, symbolizing the instantaneous and all-encompassing nature of creativity and imagination. Embracing themes of sexuality and mortality, poets like Byron and Shelley intertwined complex emotions, personal turmoil, and social commentary within their verses, juxtaposing moments of passion with reflections on human existence and societal norms.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the poetry, the tragedy and the idealism of the Later Romantics. There must have been something extraordinary about the early 19th century, when six of the greatest poets in the English language were all writing. William Blake was there and Wordsworth and Coleridge had established themselves as the main players in British poetry, when the youthful trio of Byron, Shelley and Keats erupted – if not straight onto the public stage, then at least onto the literary scene. The great chronicler of the age was William Hazlitt, whose romantic maxim was: “Happy are they who live in the dream of their own existence and see all things in the light of their own minds; who walk by faith and hope; to whom the guiding star of their youth still shines from afar and into whom the spirit of the world has not yet entered…the world has no hand on them.” How fitting an epitaph is that for the three great poets who all died tragically young? What were the ideals that drove them and how did their unconventional lifestyles infect the poetry they left behind?With Jonathan Bate, Professor of English Literature at the University of Warwick; Robert Woof, Director of the Wordsworth Trust; Jennifer Wallace, Director of Studies in English at Peterhouse, Cambridge.
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