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Information elicitation is a form of cooperation that requires creating a safe and friendly environment. People are naturally wired to be cooperative, and when they feel comfortable and validated, they are more likely to share information. Approaches that involve aggression or stress hinder the retrieval of rich and accurate information. Instead, techniques like the friendly approach, prime helpfulness, and non-judgmental listening can foster cooperation and openness in the elicitation process.
Nonverbal signals play a crucial role in establishing trustworthiness. People tend to trust those who are emotionally expressive and responsive. Facial expressions and emotional cues indicate trustworthiness and create a bond between individuals. By understanding these nonverbal signals, elicitors can create an atmosphere of trust and cooperation, which encourages individuals to share information more openly.
The verbal approach in information elicitation can be either aggressive or cooperative. Aggressive tactics that involve forcing information out of individuals create stress, release cortisol, and hinder information retrieval. On the other hand, cooperative approaches that focus on friendliness, active listening, and priming helpfulness promote a sense of safety and encourage individuals to willingly share information. Cooperative verbal techniques contribute to a more successful and fruitful elicitation process.
Validation and empathy are powerful tools in information elicitation. By creating an environment where individuals feel understood and validated, elicitors can build trust and encourage information sharing. Techniques like active listening, showing empathy, and using non-judgmental language can help establish a sense of safety and openness, making individuals more willing to disclose sensitive or personal information.
The principles of information elicitation can be applied in a wide range of contexts, including forensic interviews, healthcare discussions, employee interviews, and even parent-child conversations. The goal is to create an environment of trust, collaboration, and safety, allowing individuals to feel comfortable in sharing information. These techniques help elicitors obtain accurate and meaningful information while maintaining a positive and respectful atmosphere.
Welcome to the Social-Engineer Podcast: The Doctor Is In Series – where we will discuss understandings and developments in the field of psychology.
In today’s episode, Chris and Abbie are discussing: Information Elicitation. We will discuss what it is, why it’s so important to use ‘science-based interviewing’, and why approaches that encourage cooperation are better than manipulation of information retrieval. [Feb 6, 2023]
00:00 – Intro
00:20 – Dr. Abbie Maroño Intro
00:54 – Intro Links
03:58 – The Topic of the Day: Information Elicitation
05:41 – How does your scientific research affect practitioners?
06:47 – Start with the Brain
07:32 – Elicitation: A Scientific Definition
09:36 – Weaponizing Elicitation
11:17 – It's Easier Than You Think
13:40 – The Perils of Poker Face
16:41 – Being on the Defensive
19:17 – Me, You, and Us
21:28 – The Verbal Approaches
25:16 – Collaboration is Key!
30:37 – An Effective Approach: Subliminal Priming
32:00 – "They'll Become What They're Called"
33:33 – This Applies to Life
35:07 – Make it Conversational
36:56 – The Scharff Technique
40:48 – Forensic vs Clinical
43:23 – Last Week on "24"
45:01 – Tips for the Boss: Shame Doesn't Work
49:41 – This is the Hardest Part
51:46 – Wrap Up & Outro
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References:
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Culpepper, P. D. (2018). Creating cooperation. In Creating Cooperation. Cornell University Press.
Brimbal, L., Dianiska, R. E., Swanner, J. K., & Meissner, C. A. (2019). Enhancing cooperation and disclosure by manipulating affiliation and developing rapport in investigative interviews. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 25(2), 107.
Granhag, P. A., Oleszkiewicz, S., Strömwall, L. A., & Kleinman, S. M. (2015).
Eliciting intelligence with the Scharff technique: Interviewing more and less cooperative and capable sources. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 21(1), 100.
Vallano, J. P., & Schreiber Compo, N. (2015). Rapport-building with cooperative witnesses and criminal suspects: A theoretical and empirical review. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 21(1), 85.
Rilling, J. K., Gutman, D. A., Zeh, T. R., Pagnoni, G., Berns, G. S., & Kilts, C. D. (2002). A neural basis for social cooperation. Neuron, 35(2), 395-405.
Fehr, E., & Rockenbach, B. (2004). Human altruism: economic, neural, and evolutionary perspectives. Current opinion in neurobiology, 14(6), 784-790.
Krill, A. L., & Platek, S. M. (2012). Working together may be better: Activation of reward centers during a cooperative maze task. PloS one, 7(2), e30613.
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