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Shift in Political Power
- The bankruptcy of the French monarchy in 1788 was a turning point.
- The political contest shifted from the elite to the third estate.
Impact of Weather
- Besides the political turmoil, France was experiencing harsh weather conditions during the Little Ice Age.
- The eruption of the volcano Loki in Iceland in 1783 further worsened the agricultural crisis.
Rise of the Third Estate
- Public debate around the Estates General led to a consensus for doubling the Third Estate's representation.
- Voting by head, not by order, became a popular demand.