Lawfare Archive: Benjamin Wittes and Conor Friedersdorf Debate the Ethics of Drones
Jul 27, 2024
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Benjamin Wittes, a legal and national security expert, joins Conor Friedersdorf, a journalist critical of drone warfare, for a thought-provoking debate on the ethics of drone strikes. They discuss the legal ramifications and resolve questions surrounding targeted killings, exploring the psychological effects on civilians and the broader implications of U.S. drone policy. The conversation critiques the Obama administration’s approach, highlighting the need for greater transparency and ethical standards amidst the evolving landscape of modern warfare.
Drone warfare, while a different tool, does not change the ethical considerations inherent in conventional warfare practices, including targeted killings.
The psychological effects of drones on civilian populations lead to fear and anxiety, highlighting the urgent need for accountability in drone strike policies.
Deep dives
The Nature of Drone Warfare
Drone warfare is fundamentally a continuation of conventional warfare, utilizing a different tool without altering the ethical considerations of targeted killings. The argument highlights that a drone is merely a weapon like any other, designed to create distance between the attacker and the target, thereby increasing the attacker’s safety at the expense of those being attacked. The speaker emphasizes the need to understand drone strikes as part of a broader context of warfare rather than a unique moral dilemma. This perspective urges a reevaluation of language surrounding drone strikes to avoid conflating technological advances with moral and legal implications of warfare.
Policy Confusion Surrounding Drones
There is a pervasive confusion regarding the ethical concerns related to drone use, conflating objections to drone warfare with broader issues of military policy and targeted killings. These concerns range from the legality of killings in non-consenting territories to the deeper ethical question of whether targeted killing is justifiable under any circumstance. The speaker argues for separating the technology of drones from the policies governing their use; if targeted killing is deemed acceptable in certain situations, using drones should not be viewed differently. This distinction encourages a more nuanced discussion focused on the policies themselves rather than the delivery method of lethal force.
Human Psychological Effects of Drones
The psychological impact of drones on civilian populations is significant, introducing a state of fear and anxiety among those living under their surveillance. Communities subjected to constant drone presence report mental health issues, disrupted social interactions, and a pervasive mistrust within their environments. This reality emphasizes that the risks associated with drone strikes involve not only physical casualties but also broader social and emotional ramifications. The discussion calls for consideration of how such psychological costs should factor into the ethical evaluation of drone warfare.
Transparency and Accountability in Drone Policy
Current drone strike policies lack transparency and accountability, highlighting the ethical lapses that often follow collateral damage during such operations. The speaker argues that the administration's secretive nature surrounding drone usage and its response to accidental civilian deaths perpetuates a culture of impunity. There is a pressing need for mechanisms that hold the decision-making processes accountable in order to establish clear moral standards regarding targeted killings. By demanding greater transparency, it becomes possible to engage in a more ethical drone program that prioritizes human rights and civilian protections.
From February 15, 2014: Last November, the University of Richmond invited Ben and Conor Friedersdorf to participate in a debate on the ethics of drone warfare. Conor is a familiar voice in the anti-drone camp, as those who have come across his articles in The Atlantic well know. Ritika Singh edited the podcast version of the debate for length and got rid of the introductions and audience questions. It thus proceeds as four speeches: Ben and Conor each give opening remarks, in that order, and then each responds to the other. While the back-and-forth touched on the legal issues behind targeted killing, it was really about the many ethical implications, both positive and negative, of U.S. drone policy. These range from the precedent the United States sets in the international community, to the psychological effects of drones on civilians. In a discussion that can often focus on the big issues of civilian casualties, oversight, legality, and sovereignty, these other questions can get lost in the foray. But as Al Qaeda continues to morph and the United States struggles to define the boundaries of the war it has been fighting, they are more important than ever.