Explore the evolution of fairies from ancient myths to Victorian literature. Discover their supernatural power and connection to human fears. Learn about the transformation of fairy beliefs, their role in witch trials, and influence on literary figures like Peter Pan.
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Quick takeaways
Fairies have evolved in form and meaning over history, reflecting human concerns of marriage, death, and loss.
Fairies are depicted as both seductive and innocent beings, intertwined with societal fears and desires.
Deep dives
Historical Evolution of Fairies
Fairies are supernatural beings that exist in a dimension between gods and humans, associated with natural places like forests and streams. Originating from various cultures, such as India and Persia, fairies have a rich history dating back thousands of years. In Celtic mythology, fairies are believed to be a special class of dead persons, adding depth to their lore.
Fairies and Changelings
The concept of changelings, fairy children substituted for human babies, illustrates the fairy desire for mortal children. Stories depict fairies as both seductive and innocent, often involved in complicated and intertwined relationships with humans. These tales provide a window into societal fears and desires, reflecting themes of childbearing, motherhood, and the mysteries of life and death.
Literary Representation and Visualizations
In the 18th and 19th centuries, fairies became a popular literary and artistic subject, symbolizing nature, magic, and a counter to the enlightenment era. Literary figures like Chaucer and Shakespeare incorporated fairies in their works, influencing the cultural perception of these supernatural beings. Visual representations in paintings and illustrations, such as Fuseli's interpretations of Shakespearean scenes, shaped the enduring image of diminutive fairies with insect wings.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the literary and visual depiction of fairies, supernatural creatures that inhabit a half-way world between this one and the next.'They stole little Bridget for seven years long; When she came down again her friends were all gone. They took her lightly back, between the night and morrow; They thought that she was fast asleep, but she was dead with sorrow. They have kept her ever since deep within the lake, On a bed of flag-leaves, watching till she wake.' When the 19th century Anglo-Irish poet Richard Allingham wrote his poem The Fairies, he was replicating a belief about supernatural figures who steal children that stretched back to ancient Persian myths that date from 3000 BC. So universal is the terror of losing a child that the images of a lonely lost child and a mother who loses her child to fairies exist in civilisations everywhere. Demon Figures and Fairies have undergone a series of transformations according to their historical context, but what remains constant is their supernatural power and their association with the very human concerns of marriage, death and loss. In what way have fairies changed in guise and purpose throughout history? How did ancient fairy lore sit with the Christianity of the Middle Ages? How were fairies appropriated for the purpose of the 16th century witchcraft trials and why did fairies obsess so many Victorian artists and writers? And why is it that stories about fairies exist all over the world and what is our fascination with them?With Juliette Wood, Associate Lecturer in the Department of Welsh at Cardiff University and Secretary of the Folklore Society; Diane Purkiss, Fellow and Tutor of English at Keble College, Oxford; Nicola Bown, Lecturer in Victorian Studies at Birkbeck, University of London.
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