Martin Wolf talks to Adair Turner: Can the world decarbonise fast enough?
Mar 3, 2025
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Adair Turner, chair of the Energy Transitions Commission and former head of the UK’s climate committee, dives into the urgent challenge of global decarbonization. He discusses the alarming rise in carbon emissions and the need for immediate action. Turner believes the EU and China can lead a renewable energy revolution, despite setbacks from political leaders like Donald Trump. The conversation also touches on the potential of geoengineering as a last resort and the complexities of implementing equitable climate solutions globally.
The rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide highlights the urgent need for intensified global efforts to decarbonize and mitigate climate change.
Technological advancements in clean energy provide a glimmer of hope for achieving a net-zero economy, although international cooperation remains a significant challenge.
Deep dives
The Escalating Threat of Climate Change
The current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has significantly increased since 1946, rising from 312 parts per million to 427. This increase signifies a rapid acceleration of human emissions, particularly over the last few decades. The worsening climate has irreversibly altered the cooler conditions of the past, leading to urgent concerns about the future. Efforts must be intensified to decarbonize the global economy to avoid catastrophic consequences and to tackle the enormous challenges presented by climate change.
Technological Optimism Amid Pessimism
While there are significant pessimistic views about the possibility of limiting global warming, there is also a degree of technological optimism. Recent advancements in clean technologies can potentially help achieve a net-zero economy, although they may arrive later than ideal. Restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions are predicted to result in a probable increase in global temperatures by 1.7 to 2.5 degrees centigrade. This could initiate severe repercussions on human welfare, which emphasizes the urgency of adopting effective climate policies and technological solutions.
Global Cooperation and Challenges
The transition to clean energy faces significant challenges, particularly related to international cooperation and political opposition. The role of major economies, especially the U.S., is crucial, as their policies and leadership can heavily influence global climate initiatives. Furthermore, debates about fair capital access in developing nations highlight the need for collaborative efforts to foster renewable energy solutions. Strong strategies, like carbon border adjustments, are proposed to encourage global partners to align with climate commitments while confronting protectionist tendencies from influential countries.
The world economy is emitting carbon dioxide faster than ever before, meaning our planet is heating up faster than ever before. Martin Wolf speaks to someone who has spent much of the past two decades at the forefront of the climate debate. Lord Adair Turner chairs the Energy Transitions Commission, a think-tank focused on climate mitigation, and was previously the first chair of the UK government’s committee on climate change in 2008-12. While he fears that US President Donald Trump will act as a drag anchor on international progress in cutting emissions, he believes the EU and China can strike a deal to help the whole world transition to cheap renewable energy.
Martin Wolf is chief economics commentator at the Financial Times. You can find his column here
Presented by Martin Wolf. Produced by Laurence Knight. Manuela Saragosa is the executive producer. Audio mix and original music by Breen Turner. The FT’s head of audio is Cheryl Brumley.