Ulises Ali Mejias and Nick Couldry, "Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech and How to Fight Back" (U Chicago Press, 2024)
Dec 21, 2024
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Ulises Ali Mejias, a professor of Communication Studies, teams up with Nick Couldry, a media theorist from the London School of Economics. They discuss the concept of data colonialism, linking it to historical exploitation practices. The conversation highlights how tech giants extract personal data, emphasizing the ethical concerns of surveillance and AI biases. They also dive into the gig economy, examining its dual nature as an opportunity yet a source of worker exploitation. Finally, they propose innovative strategies for resistance and address the urgent need for educational reform.
Data colonialism extracts personal information for profit, echoing historical colonial practices and raising serious implications for social control and autonomy.
The gig economy exemplifies modern data colonialism, where tech platforms exploit workers while creating a deceptive appearance of flexibility and autonomy.
Resistance against data colonialism involves advocating for regulation, participating in protests, and imagining alternative futures informed by historical context.
Deep dives
The Concept of Data Colonialism
Data colonialism is defined as a socio-economic model that continuously extracts information from our daily lives for profit and social control. This model is rooted in historical practices of colonialism, where resources and land were exploited, and the same patterns are evident in today's digital landscape. The podcast highlights how large tech companies gather extensive personal data from various aspects of our lives, turning our social interactions into commodities. This expansion into data extraction replicates previous colonization and reinforces the power dynamics established through historical colonization.
The Mechanisms of Data Extraction
Companies collect data through a vast array of devices and platforms, not limited to social media but encompassing the Internet of Things and various smart technologies. For example, vehicles collect detailed information on driving patterns, which is then sold to insurance companies, affecting the insurance rates individuals receive. This practice demonstrates how personal data is routinely harvested and repurposed in ways that individuals often are unaware of, leading to a loss of control over personal information. The implications of this data collection can have serious consequences, such as increased surveillance and limitations on personal freedom.
Understanding the Four X's in Data Colonialism
The framework of the four X's—explore, expand, exploit, and exterminate—serves to illustrate the stages of colonial practices that parallel modern data colonialism. The podcast explains that, similar to historical colonialism, data companies 'explore' new territories of data acquisition, 'expand' their reach through various platforms, and 'exploit' the data for profit. The term 'exterminate' is used in a nuanced way to reflect how dominant technologies effectively erase previous ways of life and knowledge. This framework underlines the ongoing colonial dynamics at play in the tech industry and highlights the need for critical examination of these practices.
Impacts on Workers and Labor
The podcast delves into the gig economy as a modern example of data colonialism, where workers engage with platforms that exploit their labor while providing a facade of flexibility. Algorithms govern wages and working conditions, often leading to lower pay and heightened surveillance for gig workers compared to traditional employment. Despite offering short-term opportunities, platforms like Uber and Lyft often prioritize profit over workers' rights, creating precarious labor conditions. This system reflects a broader trend where the commodification of labor within data territories perpetuates social inequality and diminishes workers' autonomy.
Historical Parallels and Future Resistance
The conversation connects historical colonial practices to contemporary technological advancements, focusing on the need for resistance against data colonialism. Activists and movements from the global south offer insights into effective strategies for opposing extractive practices and imagining alternative futures. Resistance efforts should take shape across three levels: working within the system to advocate for regulations, engaging in protests against exploitative practices, and envisioning pathways to decolonize data. Recognizing the historical context is essential for understanding current injustices and mobilizing collective action toward a fairer and more equitable digital future.
In the present day, Big Tech is extracting resources from us, transferring and centralizing resources from people to companies. These companies are grabbing our most basic natural resources--our data--exploiting our labor and connections, and repackaging our information to control our views, track our movements, record our conversations, and discriminate against us. These companies tell us this is for our own good, to build innovation and develop new technology. But in fact, every time we unthinkingly click "Accept" on a set of Terms and Conditions, we allow our most personal information to be kept indefinitely, repackaged by companies to control and exploit us for their own profit.
In Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech and How to Fight Back (The University of Chicago Press, 2024), Ulises Mejias and Nick Couldry explain why postindustrial capitalism cannot be understood without colonialism, and why race is a critical factor in who benefits from data colonialism, just as it was for historic colonialism. In this searing, cutting-edge guide, Mejias and Couldry explore the concept of data colonialism, revealing how history can help us understand the emerging future--and how we can fight back.
Mention in this episode: Tierra Comun (English Version)
Ulises A. Mejias is professor of communication studies at the State University of New York at Oswego.
Nick Couldry is professor of media, communications, and social theory at the London School of Economics and Political Science and faculty associate at Harvard University’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society.
Dr. Michael LaMagna is the Information Literacy Program & Library Services Coordinator and Professor of Library Services at Delaware County Community College.