Explore the life of Nero, the infamous ruler of the Roman Empire known for his alleged murders, fires, and persecution of Christians. Delve into his rise to power, the political influence of women in his life, his alleged musical performance during the burning of Rome, his extravagant lifestyle, and the aftermath of a destructive fire in ancient Rome.
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Quick takeaways
Nero initially ruled in a promising and popular manner, reassured the Senate and provided new entertainments and infrastructure for the people, but his reputation quickly deteriorated after his association with the persecution of Christians.
Nero had to navigate various constituencies within the ruling family and the empire, facing economic challenges and maintaining control over buffer states on the eastern frontier.
Nero's downfall was marked by a conspiracy in 65 AD, the revolt of Vindex in 68 AD, and his subsequent declaration as a public enemy by the Senate, leading to his suicide.
Deep dives
Nero's Rise to Power and Early Rule
Nero became the ruler of the Roman Empire at the age of 16, and initially ruled in a promising and popular manner. He reassured the Senate and the Praetorian Guard, brought the Senate back into power, and provided new entertainments and infrastructure for the people. Despite the eventual decline of his reign, Nero achieved significant popularity across the empire during his early years.
Challenges Faced by Nero
Nero inherited a complex political system with tensions and power struggles within the ruling family. He had to navigate various constituencies, including the senatorial aristocracy, the provincial governors, and the common citizens of Rome and the provinces. The consolidation of the empire posed economic challenges, as did maintaining control over buffer states on the eastern frontier. Nero's economic policies, such as excessive spending on grand projects like his palace, contributed to his unpopularity.
Negative Reputation and Persecution of Christians
Nero's reputation quickly deteriorated after his death as a result of the efforts of subsequent Roman emperors to distance themselves from his reign. Nero's association with the persecution of Christians contributed to his negative image. After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Nero blamed the Christians and subjected them to cruel punishments, such as crucifixion, feeding them to wild beasts, and using them as human torches. This led to the perception of Nero as an anti-Christian figure, which was further reinforced in early Christian texts.
The Fall of Nero
Several factors contributed to Nero's downfall. A conspiracy in 65 AD, called the Piso Conspiracy, posed a threat to his rule but was suppressed. However, the revolt of Vindex in Gaul in 68 AD marked the beginning of the end. With the support of the army, the Senate declared Nero a public enemy, and he fled Rome. Facing capture, Nero committed suicide by stabbing himself, bringing his tumultuous reign to an end.
Reevaluating Nero's Legacy
In more recent years, there have been attempts to reassess Nero's reign and legacy. Some arguments propose that he was a prisoner of his times, facing complex political dynamics and economic challenges. While acknowledging Nero's notorious actions, such as the burning of Christians and his extravagant spending, scholars aim to contextualize his rule and find elements of choice and positive impact within the broader geopolitical and economic framework of the Roman Empire.
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the life of Nero (37-68 AD) who became Emperor at the age of 16. At first he was largely praised for his generosity yet became known for his debauched lifestyle, with allegations he started the Fire of Rome, watching the flames as he played the lyre. Christians saw him as their persecutor, an anti-Christ, and the number of the Beast in the Book of Revelation was thought to indicate Nero. He had confidence in his own artistry, took up acting (which then had a very low status) and, as revolts in the empire grew, killed himself after the Senate condemned him to die as a slave, on a cross.
With
Maria Wyke
Professor of Latin at University College London
Matthew Nicholls
Fellow and Senior Tutor at St John’s College, University of Oxford
And
Shushma Malik
Lecturer in Classics at the University of Roehampton
Producer: Simon Tillotson
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