In a thought-provoking conversation, Bart Ehrman, a six-time New York Times bestselling author and Bible scholar, dives into the complexities of Jewish Law as depicted in the New Testament. He discusses whether it's even possible to adhere to the law and what the New Testament authors intended by it. Ehrman contrasts the law’s joyful adherence with its burdens, while examining Jesus' conflicts with the Pharisees, emphasizing love and compassion over ritual. His insights shed light on the intricate relationship between Jewish and early Christian perspectives.
The Jewish law, rooted in covenantal relationships, was intended as a joyous guide rather than a punitive obligation for its followers.
Variations in New Testament authors' perspectives on Jewish law highlight a significant theological divide regarding its necessity for salvation in Christianity.
Deep dives
Understanding Jewish Law in the New Testament Context
Jewish law, as presented in the New Testament, is rooted in a different conception than contemporary legal systems. While modern laws often come with punitive frameworks where breaking a law leads to imprisonment, Jewish law was historically viewed through the lens of covenantal relationships. Within this context, laws were given not as burdens but as guideposts for a community chosen by God, emphasizing that following the law was a joyous act rather than a punitive obligation. This understanding contrasts with later interpretations that framed Jewish law as impossible to follow, which misrepresents its intended purpose and the historical view held by practitioners.
The Purpose and Functions of Jewish Law
The Jewish law serves three primary functions: governance of worship, community relations, and maintaining purity. Laws regarding worship dictate how sacrifices and observance of religious holidays should be carried out, while community laws establish foundational ethical principles like prohibitions against stealing and murder. Additionally, purity laws address ritual cleanliness necessary for worship, encompassing various situations that create ritual impurity. This comprehensive structure shows that the Jewish law was designed to organize society and facilitate a connection between God and His people, rather than serving merely as an exhaustive list of prohibitions.
Diverging Perspectives of New Testament Authors
New Testament authors present varied perspectives on the role and necessity of Jewish law within Christian teachings. For instance, the Gospel of Matthew asserts that followers must adhere strictly to the law, framing Jesus as the fulfillment of these commandments. Conversely, Paul emphasizes that adherence to the law is unnecessary for salvation, particularly for Gentiles, which leads to significant theological divergence. This distinction raises questions about the motivations and contexts of the different authors and how their audiences might have influenced their understanding of the law's relevance.
The Legacy of Paul and Early Christian Views on Jewish Law
Paul's interpretation of the law as irrelevant for salvation led to an ongoing debate within early Christianity that often positioned Jewish practices as burdensome. This perspective garnered support from a growing number of Gentile converts who viewed the law as obsolete in light of Christ's salvation. As a result, anti-Judaism began to permeate Christian thought, framing the law in a negative light and casting Jews as failing in their adherence. Such rhetoric not only distorted the original purpose of the Jewish law but also contributed to deep-seated historical prejudices against Jewish practices and beliefs.
If I start talking about “the law”, many of you are going to have certain ideas pop into your heads - a police force, trials, prison. But what about if I’m talking about the law in a religious sense?
Maybe you’ll think of the ten commandments, veiling women, or practices of abstinence. Today, Dr. Bart Ehrman talks about the Jewish Law as presented in the New Testament, exploring whether it’s possible to even keep it, and what agenda the NT authors had when talking about it.
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