Jennifer Burns, biographer and Stanford professor, discusses the complex life and beliefs of economist Milton Friedman. They explore his understanding of prices in a modern economy, his collaborations with women economists, and the lasting impact of his ideas on public policy and economics.
Milton Friedman's economics were more interesting than his punditry, challenging preconceived notions about his views on the New Deal.
Friedman's work on the Great Depression and his insights into price mechanisms and expectations have had a lasting impact on the field of economics.
Friedman's ideas on market-friendly approaches, prices, and incentives have shaped policy discussions and influenced policymakers, despite facing ongoing debates and criticisms.
Deep dives
Friedman's Surprising Discoveries about Himself and New Deal Economics
While researching on Friedman's work, historian Jennifer Burns discovered surprising things about Friedman's own biases and preconceptions, particularly regarding his interest in Friedman as a pundit. She found Friedman's economics more interesting than his punditry and realized that her preconceived notions about Friedman's views on the New Deal were incorrect. She also highlights the importance of academic research and expanding one's understanding beyond what is commonly known.
The Unexpected Title of 'The Last Conservative'
Jennifer Burns explains why she chose the title 'The Last Conservative' for her book on Milton Friedman. She describes how Friedman's preservation of traditional methods and approaches in economics, his association with American conservatism, and his intellectual approach align with the title. Though Friedman himself did not explicitly identify as a conservative, his influence on American conservatism cannot be denied.
Friedman's Contributions to Economic Theory
Jennifer Burns discusses the academic impact of Milton Friedman's work. She highlights his intellectual biography of the Great Depression as a major contribution to economic theory. Friedman's emphasis on the role of the central bank in the depression and his critical insights into price mechanisms and expectations have had a lasting impact on the field of economics. His work on the permanent income hypothesis and the Phillips curve also shaped the understanding of economic policy.
Friedman's Influence on Public Policy and Political Economies
Jennifer Burns examines Milton Friedman's influence on public policy and political economies. She mentions his support for policies like the earned income tax credit, vouchers for education, and drug legalization. Friedman's ideas helped shape policy discussions by emphasizing the importance of market-friendly approaches, prices, and the role of incentives. While some may criticize his policy recommendations, his impact on shaping discussions and influencing policymakers cannot be ignored.
Friedman's Legacy Today and Criticisms
Jennifer Burns discusses both the enduring legacy of Milton Friedman and the criticisms he faces today. She notes how Friedman's ideas are still being debated within the Democratic Party and the left, with him representing a centrist democratic approach that is being challenged by more progressive ideologies. However, she observes that Friedman's ideas still resonate within academic fields beyond economics, such as legal thinking. She also acknowledges the ongoing debate over his legacy and the tensions between freedom and other societal values.
Who was Milton Friedman? Jennifer Burns of Stanford University finds in her biography of Friedman that the answer to that question is more complicated than she thought. Listen as she and EconTalk's Russ Roberts discuss how the now-forgotten Henry Simons shaped Friedman's thought, the degree to which Friedman had a deep understanding and belief in the role of prices in a modern economy, and the influence of key women on Friedman's intellectual life. Finally, they explore whether or not Friedman's insights continue to affect public policy and the discipline of economics.
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