How will the clean energy transition affect wages?
Dec 4, 2024
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Conor Walsh, an economist at Columbia Business School, discusses the potential economic ripple effects of the clean energy transition. He reveals how cheap electricity from solar and wind could boost national wages by 2-3%. Walsh highlights the impact of lower energy costs on manufacturing and regional growth. He also explores the challenges of rising electricity demand and the importance of upgrading transmission infrastructure. The conversation sheds light on the overlooked economic benefits of clean energy and its role in wage growth.
The clean energy transition, led by advancements in solar and wind technology, is projected to increase national wages by 2-3% due to cheaper electricity.
While renewable energy significantly benefits the economy, addressing challenges like intermittency and seasonal variability remains essential for sustainable production.
Deep dives
Economic Benefits of Clean Power
The transition to clean power is not only beneficial for the environment, but it also brings significant economic impacts that are often overlooked. As renewable energy sources such as solar and wind become more prevalent, they exert downward pressure on wholesale electricity prices due to their low or zero input costs. This trend leads to lower market clearing prices, particularly during peak production periods, resulting in cheaper electricity across the grid. As a consequence, industries that rely heavily on energy can experience increased production and potential wage growth, creating a more robust economic environment.
Technological Advancements and Capacity Growth
Dramatic technological advancements have contributed to the significant increase in green electrical generation over recent years, with solar and wind power now accounting for a substantial portion of U.S. electricity production. The decline in capital costs for renewable technologies, including solar panels and wind turbines, has been a major driving force behind this growth. For instance, solar costs have decreased by approximately 15% annually worldwide, enabling broader adoption and integration into the power grid. This technological shift not only helps combat climate change but also stimulates economic activity as energy-intensive industries benefit from lower costs.
Intermittency Solutions and Future Challenges
While renewable energy sources offer many advantages, challenges related to intermittency remain critical to address for the future of energy production. Daily intermittency caused by the lack of sunlight at night is becoming manageable through advancements in lithium-ion battery storage, allowing for the dispatch of stored energy during peak demand times. However, seasonal variability, characterized by less solar energy in winter months, presents a more significant challenge. To mitigate this, strategies such as overbuilding solar capacity can help ensure a steady supply and create opportunities for utilizing excess energy during peak production seasons.
The clean energy transition has quietly pushed ahead in recent decades, with solar and wind energy accounting for almost 15% of total U.S. energy production in February 2024. The benefits of this transition on climate change have been celebrated, but less acknowledged have been the potential economic benefits. In a new paper, “The economic impacts of clean power,” Costas Arkolakis and Conor Walsh explain how cheaper electricity resulting from this transition could lead to a 2-3% increase in national wages. On this episode of the Brookings Podcast on Economic Activity, Walsh discusses his research with Sanjay Patnaik, director of Brookings’s Center on Regulation and Markets.
The Brookings Podcast on Economic Activity is part of the Brookings Podcast Network. Subscribe and listen on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you listen to podcasts. Send feedback email to podcasts@brookings.edu.
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