Guest Christa Smolke, Co-founder and CEO of Antheia, discusses turning yeast cells into tiny factories for drug production, potentially solving drug shortage issues. The podcast explores the challenges of engineering yeast to produce drugs, the use of yeast in disrupting traditional farming methods for drug ingredients, and the benefits of therapy and bioengineering insights.
Fermentation technology can disrupt the drug manufacturing industry by providing consistent infrastructure, faster manufacturing cycles, and repurposable facilities.
Enthaya's approach involves strategically directing protein production in yeast cells to produce complex drug ingredients, striking a balance between the yeast's objectives and drug production.
Deep dives
The Problem of Generic Drug Shortages
The US faces a persistent shortage of generic drugs due to limited manufacturing capacity and complex supply chains. Shortages are caused by vulnerabilities in farming practices, climate-related disasters, and long manufacturing cycles. The solution lies in disrupting the industry by advancing fermentation technology, which offers consistent infrastructure, faster manufacturing cycles, and repurposable facilities. This technology can provide more cost-effective, high-quality drug ingredients while optimizing resource usage.
Challenges in Turning Yeast Cells into Drug Factories
Christina Smolke, CEO of Enthaya, discusses the challenge of converting yeast cells into mini drug factories. Traditional methods could only produce simple compounds, but complex drug ingredients require the ability to move and transport multiple genes and protein sequences within the cell. Enthaya's solution involves understanding the cell as a system and strategically directing protein production to different parts of the cell based on specific biochemical environments. This engineering feat requires overcoming natural processes that may divert the drug ingredient, striking a balance between the yeast's objectives and drug production.
Proof of Concept: Yeast Cells Making Drug Ingredients
Enthaya achieved a proof of concept by getting yeast cells to produce the drug ingredient called the VIM. This ingredient, sourced from medicinal plants, is used in drugs for severe pain, addiction treatment, and overdoses. Optimizing the process to increase efficiency and scale was critical before offering a viable solution to the pharmaceutical industry. Enthaya successfully optimized production by over a million-fold, significantly increasing the concentration of the drug ingredient per unit of sugar and setting the stage for future drug ingredient manufacturing.
Disrupting the Market with Fermentation Technology
Enthaya's ultimate goal is to disrupt the drug manufacturing industry, which currently relies heavily on agricultural sourcing. This sourcing method is resource-intensive and vulnerable to climate-related disasters and variability. By advancing fermentation technology, Enthaya aims to provide a more consistent, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to farming drug ingredients. This technology has the potential to transform the industry and offer sustainable solutions that prioritize resource optimization and high-quality drug production.
Christina Smolke is the co-founder and CEO of Antheia. Antheia is a synthetic biology company -- they’re in the business of genetically engineering microorganisms to produce commercial products.
Christina’s problem is this: How do you turn yeast cells into tiny factories to create the active ingredients in generic drugs. If Christina and her team solve this problem, they won’t solve the drug shortage problem entirely. But they might help make it better.