Science of Reading: The Podcast

S10 E2: Orthographic mapping is a cognitive process, with Katie Pace Miles, Ph.D.

Sep 24, 2025
Katie Pace Miles, Ph.D., a reading scientist and founder of The Reading Institute, shares insights on orthographic mapping as a key cognitive process in reading. She explains how it integrates spelling, pronunciation, and meaning but emphasizes it can't be directly taught. Practical strategies for developing good reading habits in young learners are highlighted, along with the critical role of spelling in comprehension. Katie also discusses effective interventions for struggling readers, stressing that persistent, structured practice can lead to success.
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INSIGHT

Orthographic Mapping Defined

  • Orthographic mapping is a cognitive process linking spelling, pronunciation, and meaning to store words in long-term memory.
  • Strong mapping enables automatic word retrieval and supports comprehension.
INSIGHT

Neural Pathways Underpin Reading

  • Orthographic mapping builds neural pathways that must be strengthened through practice to make reading less effortful.
  • Efficient pathways free mental energy for comprehension and knowledge building.
ADVICE

Teach To Facilitate Mapping

  • Do provide explicit, systematic instruction that draws attention to spelling-to-sound mappings and meaning to facilitate orthographic mapping.
  • Use a coherent phonics scope and sequence combined with activities that support mapping and storage.
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