In this episode, I explore the complex topic of free will, particularly through the lens of Stoicism and its modern interpretations. I begin by defining free will as our capacity to act, think, or behave in ways that aren't predetermined by past events. I delve into Sam Harris's book "Free Will," which posits that our brains make decisions before we're consciously aware of them, challenging the existence of free will. However, I argue against this perspective, suggesting instead that the brain develops cognitive shortcuts for decision-making, a concept that aligns with Stoic philosophy.
I then shift the discussion to the potential dangers of embracing determinism or the absence of free will, especially for young people. I express my concerns that such beliefs can lead to nihilism and morally dubious actions, as they imply our choices are predestined and meaningless. I emphasize the importance of upholding the idea of free will to prevent societal and character degradation.
I critique the deterministic view of the ancient Stoics, who believed that everything, including our choices, is predestined. I find this view contradictory to the essential Stoic principle of making virtuous choices. I also discuss and dismiss the concept of 'co-fating' introduced by the ancient Stoic philosopher Chrysippus as circular reasoning.
After a brief pause, I present my theory: fate exists but is suspended in the human mind. I argue that while time and inanimate objects are fated, conscious beings, particularly humans, can act independently of fate due to their concentrated 'logos' or reasoning power. This theory suggests that while the universe (fate) moves forward in time, we, as humans, can make independent choices.
In conclusion, I affirm that Stoicism remains a valuable philosophy, albeit one that needs to be interpreted in the context of contemporary knowledge and science. I propose that practicing Stoicism can foster the development of cognitive shortcuts for making virtuous choices, thus aligning our actions with nature. I end the episode by reaffirming Stoicism's relevance and acknowledging the limitations of ancient Stoic philosophers in grasping concepts beyond their scientific understanding.
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Online copy of Meditations (A.S.L Farquharson) : https://link.stoicismpod.com/farquharson
Online copy of Enchiridion (Elizabeth Carter) : https://classics.mit.edu/Epictetus/epicench.html
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Practical Stoicism